ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Identifying and explaining experiences of fear of childbirth and coping strategies: A qualitative study
Background and Objectives: Fear of childbirth is a natural response that helps women prepare for childbirth. However, if fear is increased, it can lead to physical and emotional disabilities. This study aims to explain the experiences of fear of childbirth and, consequently, present a model for reducing such fears. Methods: A phenomenological approach was used in this study. The participants were selected from among primigravida (women who were pregnant for the first time) through purposeful sampling, and the data were collected through open and unstructured interviews. Besides, the collected data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s nine-stage method. Results: Different types of fear of childbirth identified in this study were harmful to maternal and neonatal health, normal childbirth, the feeling of inability, and cesarean section. Besides, the reasons behind fear of childbirth were inadequate awareness, lack of trust in medical staff, negative experiences from information sources, and the environment of the maternity center. Finally, the most important strategies to deal with the fear of childbirth were faith in God, feeling confident, receiving support, raising awareness, and positive thinking which were used to design the model. Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that women's self-confidence plays a key role in decreasing fear of childbirth. Therefore, effective measures should be taken to increase women's sense of self-confidence to reduce their fear of childbirth.
https://jqr1.kmu.ac.ir/article_90993_3e9bfba2f62424b75ba1eb7b19dc0e87.pdf
2020-05-01
47
58
10.22062/jqr.2020.90993
fear of childbirth
pregnant women's experiences
Phenomenology
Zahra
Ahmadi
ahmadi.zahra4@gmail.com
1
1MSc, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Islamic Azad University Zanjan Branch, Zanjan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Nilsson C, Hessman E, Sjöblom H, Dencker A, Jangsten E, Mollberg M, et al. Definitions, measurements and prevalence of fear of childbirth: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2018; 18(1):28. 2. Fisher C, Hauck Y, Fenwick J. How social context impacts on women's fears of childbirth: A Western Australian example. Social Science & Medicine (1982). 2006; 63:64-75. 3. Størksen HT, Garthus-Niegel S, Adams SS, Vangen S, Eberhard-Gran M. Fear of childbirth and elective cesarean section: a population-based study. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2015; 15: 221-242. 4. Salomonsson B, Wijma K, Alehagen S. Swedish midwives’ perceptions of fear of childbirth. Midwifery. 2010; 26(3):327-37. 5. Eriksson C, Westman G, Hamberg K. Content of Childbirth-Related Fear in Swedish Women and Men—Analysis of an Open-Ended Question. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health. 2006; 51(2):112-8. 6. Klabbers GA, van Bakel HJ, van den Heuvel M, Vingerhoets AJ. Severe fear of childbirth: its features, assessment, prevalence, determinants, consequences and possible treatments. Psychological Topics. 2016; 25(1):107-27. 7. Nilsson C, Lundgren I. Women's lived experience of fear of childbirth. Midwifery. 2009; 25(2):e1-e9. 8. Monavare A, Esmat N. The effect of the imagination of the pain of vaginal delivery and the cesarean section on the selection of normal vaginal delivery in pregnant women attending clinics in Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Infertility. 2012; 14(7):6. 9. Fenwick J, Toohill J, Creedy DK, Smith J, Gamble J. Sources, responses and moderators of childbirth fear in Australian women: A qualitative investigation. Midwifery. 2015; 31(1):239-46. 10. Ghazaie M, Davoodi I, Neysi A, Honarmand M, Bassak Nejad S. The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the fear of childbirth, fear of pain, self-efficacy of childbirth and tendency to cesarean in nulliparous women. Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Infertility. 2016; 19(31):1-12. 11. Rouhe H, Salmela-Aro K, Halmesmäki E, Saisto T. Fear of childbirth according to parity, gestational age, and obstetric history. BJOG: an international journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2009; 116: 67-73. 12. Serçekuş P, Okumuş H. Fears associated with childbirth among nulliparous women in Turkey. Midwifery. 2009; 25(2):155-62. 13. Stoll K, Edmonds JK, Hall WA. Fear of childbirth and preference for cesarean delivery among young American women before childbirth: a survey study. Birth. 2015; 42(3):270-6. 14. Ryding EL, Lukasse M, Parys ASV, Wangel AM, Karro H, Kristjansdottir H, et al. Fear of childbirth and risk of cesarean delivery: a cohort study in six European countries. Birth. 2015; 42(1):48-55. 15. Melender HL. Fears and coping strategies associated with pregnancy and childbirth in Finland. The Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health. 2002; 47(4):256-63. 16. Naeimi N, Zare K, Salehi A. Attitude towards Fear of Vaginal Delivery and its Relationship with Awareness Level of the Pregnant Women Admitted to Social Security Hospital of Zahedan in the Year 2014. Community Health Journal. 2017; 9(1):10-8. 17. Adams S, Eberhard‐Gran M, Eskild A. Fear of childbirth and duration of labor: a study of 2206 women with intended vaginal delivery. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2012; 119(10):1238-46. 18. Dick-Read G. Childbirth without fear: the principles and practice of natural childbirth: Pinter & Martin Ltd; 2013. 19. El-Aziz SA, Mansour S, Hassan N. Factors associated with fear of childbirth: It’s effect on women’s preference for elective cesarean section. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice. 2017; 7: 133-45. 20. Andaroon N, Kordi M, Kimiaei SA, Esmaeily H. The effect of an individual counseling program by a midwife on fear of childbirth in primiparous women. Journal of education and health promotion. 2017; 6. 21. Abedian Z, Nikpour M, Mokhber N, Ebrahimi S, Khani S. Evaluation of the relationship between delivery mode and postpartum quality of life. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Infertility. 2010; 13(3):47-53. 22. Cunningham F, Leveno K, Bloom S, Spong CY, Dashe J. Williams Obstetrics, 24e: Mcgraw-hill; 2014. 23. Sobhy S, Arroyo-Manzano D, Murugesu N, Karthikeyan G, Kumar V, Kaur I, et al. Maternal and perinatal mortality and complications associated with caesarean section in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet. 2019; 393(10184):1973-82. 24. Burrows LJ, Meyn LA, Weber AM. Maternal morbidity associated with vaginal versus cesarean delivery. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2004; 103(5):907-12. 25. Shorten A, Chamberlain M, Shorten B, Kariminia A. Making choices for childbirth: development and testing of a decision-aid for women who have experienced the previous cesarean. Patient education and counseling. 2004; 52(3):307-13. 26. Saisto T, Halmesmäki E. Fear of childbirth: a neglected dilemma. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. 2003; 82(3):201-8. 27. Marshall JE, Raynor MD. Myles' Textbook for Midwives E-Book: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2014. 28. Slade P, Balling K, Sheen K, Houghton G. Establishing a valid construct of fear of childbirth: findings from in-depth interviews with women and midwives. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2019; 19(1):96. 29. Khorsandi M, Vakilian K, Nasir Zadeh Masooleh M. Investigating different factors of fear in normal delivery among pregnant women, in arak-a cross-sectional study. Journal of Fasa University of Medical Sciences. 2014; 4(2):161-7. 30. Deklava L, Lubina K, Circenis K, Sudraba V, Millere I. Causes of anxiety during pregnancy. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2015; 205: 623-6. 31. Arfaie K, Nahidi F, Simbar M, Bakhtiari M. The role of fear of childbirth in pregnancy-related anxiety in Iranian women: qualitative research. Electronic physician. 2017; 9(2):3733. 32. Hanna‐Leena Melender R. Experiences of fears associated with pregnancy and childbirth: a study of 329 pregnant women. Birth. 2002; 29(2):101-11. 33. Najafi F, Abouzari-Gazafroodi K, Jafarzadeh-Kenarsari F, Rahnama P, Gholami Chaboki B. Relationship between attendance at childbirth preparation classes and fear of childbirth and type of delivery. Journal of Hayat. 2016; 21(4):30-40. 34. LoBiondo-Wood G, Haber J. Nursing research-E-book: methods and critical appraisal for evidence-based practice: Elsevier HealthSciences; 2017. 35. Speziale HS, Streubert HJ, Carpenter DR. Qualitative research in nursing: Advancing the humanistic imperative: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2011. 36. Clissett P. Evaluating qualitative research. Journal of Orthopaedic Nursing. 2008; 12(2):99-105. 37. Dahlgren L, Emmelin M, Winkvist A. Qualitative methodology for international public health: Umeå Universitet; 2007. 38. Albers LL. The evidence for physiologic management of the active phase of the first stage of labor. Journal of midwifery & women's health. 2007; 52(3):207-15. 39. Nystedt A, Högberg U, Lundman B. Some Swedish women's experiences of prolonged labor. Midwifery. 2006; 22(1):56-65. 40. Soltani F, Eskandari Z, Khodakarami B, Parsa P, Roshanaei G. Factors contributing to fear of childbirth among pregnant women in Hamadan (Iran) in 2016. Electronic physician. 2017; 9(7):4725. 41. Toohill J, Fenwick J, Gamble J, Creedy DK. Prevalence of childbirth fear in an Australian sample of pregnant women. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2014; 14(1):275. 42. Lowe NK. The nature of labor pain. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2002; 186(5): S16-S24. 43. Pascali‐Bonaro D, Kroeger M. Continuous female companionship during childbirth: a crucial resource in times of stress or calm. The Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health. 2004; 49(S1):19-27. 44. Ahmad Shirvani M, Tayebi T, Bagheri-Nesami M. Exploration of women birth experiences role in deciding the type of next delivery. The Journal of Urmia Nursing and Midwifery Faculty. 2014; 12(4):286-96. 45. Ahmadi Z. Positive experiences of childbirth: a phenomenological study. Researcher. 2013; 5(12):30-41. 46. The Noble Quran. Raad Sura, verse 28 47. The Noble Quran. Talagh Sura, verse 3. 48. Hood Jr RW, Hill PC, Spilka B. The psychology of religion: An empirical approach: Guilford Publications; 2018. 49. Nilsson L, Thorsell T, Hertfelt Wahn E, Ekström A. Factors influencing positive birth experiences of first-time mothers. Nursing research and practice. 2013; 2013. 50. Gibbins J, Thomson AM. Women's expectations and experiences of childbirth. Midwifery. 2001; 17(4):302-13. 51. Ahmadi Z. Evaluation of the effect of continuous midwifery support on pain intensity in labor and delivery. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. 2010; 9(4):293-304. 52. Larsson B, Hildingsson I, Ternström E, Rubertsson C, Karlström A. Women’s experience of midwife-led counseling and its influence on childbirth fear: A qualitative study. Women and Birth. 2019; 32(1):e88-e94. 53. Ford E, Ayers S, Wright DB. Measurement of maternal perceptions of support and control in birth (SCIB). Journal of women's health. 2009; 18(2):245-52. 54. Larkin P, Begley CM, Devane D. Women's experiences of labor and birth: an evolutionary concept analysis. Midwifery. 2009; 25(2):e49-e59. 55. Perry S, Cashion MC, Lowdermilk D. Clinical Companion for Maternity and Women's Health Care: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2007. 56. Rosen P. Supporting women in labor: analysis of different types of caregivers. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health. 2004; 49(1):24-31. 57. Seefat-van Teeffelen A, Nieuwenhuijze M, Korstjens I. Women want proactive psychosocial support from midwives during the transition to motherhood: a qualitative study. Midwifery. 2011; 27(1):e122-e7. 58. Sydsjö G, Blomberg M, Palmquist S, Angerbjörn L, Bladh M, Josefsson A. Effects of continuous midwifery labor support for women with severe fear of childbirth. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2015; 15(1):115. 59. Ahmadi Z, Azimi H. Satisfaction of mothers with midwifery care in. Advances in Nursing & Midwifery. 2009; 19(67):30-5. 60. Aksoy M, Aksoy AN, Dostbil A, Celik MG, Ince I. The relationship between fear of childbirth and women’s knowledge about painless childbirth. Obstetrics and gynecology international. 2014; 7: 29. 61. Lally JE, Murtagh MJ, Macphail S, Thomson R. More in hope than expectation: a systematic review of women's expectations and experience of pain relief in labor. BMC Medicine. 2008; 6(1):7.
1
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
University Excellence with Level 5 Leadership Approach: A Qualitative Study
Introduction: Universities are the driving engine of countries in the knowledge age The excellence of universities depends on the success of the faculty. One of the success models for organizations is Level 5 Leadership. The purpose of this research is to identify the characteristics of the 5th level leaders research .from the viewpoint of faculty members Method: This research is a kind of qualitative research that was done using content analysis approach. The statistical population consisted of faculty members of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2017 With targeted sampling method, 19 people were selected as participants in the study.In order to obtain validity and validity of the data, two methods of reviewing the participants and reviewing non-participating experts in the research were used. Results: After data analysis, 64 primary and 4 main categories were classified. Main categories include Attributes, solutions, barriers and achievements. Sub-themes include management abilities, moral excellence, compliance with law and management principles, Necessary incentives, Meritocracy, Structural, Individual and motivational, Individual and structural excellence, Economic ,Educational and research, Political and social Conclusion:Considering the importance of educational, health and medical activities of Medical Universities Level 5 leadership can be a good model for organizational excellence.Consideration of the dimensions identified in Level 5 leadership should also be considered in the selection of corporate executives.
https://jqr1.kmu.ac.ir/article_90994_418b3ce0d3d18ef296fcbc0033805777.pdf
2020-05-01
59
69
10.22062/jqr.2020.90994
University Excellence
Level 5 Leadership Approach
Content Analysis Approach
reza
sepahvand
aliob1395@gmail.com
1
1Professor, Department of Business Management, School of Economics and Administrative Science, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
hamid
morovati
hamid-morovati@yahoo.com
2
Master of Business Administration, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
1-Hui Xu j. Leadership theory in clinical practice.Chinese Nursing Research. 2017; 4(4):155-157 2-Jafarigol M, safavi M, Zare M. The relationship between commanding leadership style and personality traits of nursing managers of hospitals affiliated to Tehran Medical Sciences Universities in 2014-2015. MEDICAL SCIENCES.2016;26(4) :238-247 3-SadeghiA,DavoodabadiZ, Shamsaei F. Relationship between nurse managers' personalitycharacteristics and their leadership style. Quarterly Journal of Nursing Management.2015;4(4):9-17. 4-Zeinabadi H, YasiniA, BMirhadian L. The Effect of Supervisors Servant Leadership Style on Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Nurses through Mediating Role of Spirituality at Work: The Case Study of Training Hospitals of Rasht. Scientific Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences.24(5):151-165 5-Yusefi A, Jabbari A, Koushki J, HeidariA.The relationship between personality type and leadership style of managers in educational hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.Journal of Health & Development .2014;3(1):84-93. [ Persian ] 6-Ahmadi Sa,ShahbaziM. Explaining the leadership style of empowering the knowledge cycle at the universities of the country.Management of government agencies journal.2014;3(7):101-110 7-Ziar S, Momtazmanesh N, Ahmadi S, Abdi AR, Ahmadi F. Effective Factors in Job Motivation of Faculty Members of ShaheedBehesht University of Medical Sciences Based on Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory of Motivation in 2016. Development of education in medical sciences.2016;9(23):20-30 8-Khakdel Jelodar Z, Mosadegh Rad A, Rahimi A, JafareyPooyan E. Investigating the relationship between spiritual leadership and professional burnout among the staff of Ardebil hospitals. ijme.2016;9(1):74-85 9-Rezghi Shirsavar H, Amouei AI, Moosavi MM. Structural Equation Modeling Spiritual Intelligence, Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Job Adjustment for Staff(Faculty and Non-Faculty) University of BABOL Medical Sciences.Journal of Healthcare Management. 2017; 7 (4):53-63 10-Mohebzadegan Y, PardakhtchiMh, GhahramaniM, FarasatkhahM. Validation of the model of faculty members in universities of Tehran.Quarterly Journal of Training & Development of Human Resources.2016; 3(10):73-94 11-Nazarzadeh ZareM,PourkarimiJ,AbiliKh, SalehiGh. Presentation of faculty members' competency model in international interactions:A phenomenological study. Science and Technologyjournal.2015; 3(5):25-89. 12- IraniHR,Alvani SM, JandaghiGR,ZareiMatin H. Designing a generous leadership model of Iranian public hospitals in Qom Province.Journal of Management Science of Iran.2014;10(38):1-33 13-CollinsJ.good to great.translated by amini f..tehranfara pub.2008 14- Chamasemani M,.Sabaghian Z, SalehSedghpour B. The Five Level Leadership among deans of comprehensive universities. Two Quarterly Journal of Management and Programming in Educational Systems.2009;3(5):58-77 15-Ahmadi GH, EbrahimiA.Identify the relationship between leadership style Heads of technical colleges of Tehran Province and Employee Job Satisfaction Based on the Leadership Pattern of Five Colinces. Leadership Quarterly and Educational Management.2012;6(1):27-40 16-Hadi R, Rezapour Y, SlamanpourS.Quality Evaluation Indices of Higher Education Based on the Kano Model in Urmia University. Scientific and Research Journal of Education and Evaluation".2015;9(34):35-50 17- Hajbagheri M, Parvizi S, Salsali M. Qualitive research metods. Tehran, Iran: BoshraPulications; 2010:19-25 18-Graneheim UH, Lundman B. Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Educ Today. 2004; 24(2): 105-12. 19- Abbas Zadeh M. Reflection on reliability and reliability in qualitative research. Applied sociology journal .2011;23(45): 19-34 20-Ramzaniyan H,ArastehH,BehrangiM,NavehEbrahimA. Providing a model for leading the return to the mainstream of Iran's higher education system.The idea of strategic management journal.2015;9(2):157-182 21-Pourkarimi J,MirkamaliM. The role of transformational leadership of academic managers in the ability of faculty members of universities (Case: University of Tehran). Educational studies journal.2013;2(6):9-30 22-Saatchi M,AzizpourshoubiA. Effective design of leadership pattern.daneshvar behavior.2003;12(1):1-18 23-Shakour M, Bazrafkan L, Alizadeh L, GhasemiM.Assessing the Leadership Styles and Effectiveness of Administrators inIsfahan University of Medical Sciences in 1388. .IJME. 2012; 11(9): 12-62 24- Izadi A, Yaghoubi M, Ghardashi F, Relation between Conflict Level and Leadership Style in a Military Medical Sciences Research Center. Journal of Military Medicine Summer.2016 ;18(2): 221-227 25- HashemiA.MashinchiA.MohamadkhaniA. The presenting of faculty competency assessment model in Islamic Azad University systemCase: Islamic Azad University units of Fars province). Quarterly Journal of Research in the New Approach to Educational Management.2015;.7(4):185-210 26-Ghurunneh D, MirkamaliM,BazarganA,KharazaiK. Conceptual framework of faculty members in Tehran University. Quarterly of Iranian Higher Education Association.2014;6(2):52-81 27-Duff DB.The relationship between organizational climate, personality factors and organizational citizenship behaviors in aunversity extension [Thesis]. Champaign: University of Illinois; 2007. 28.Burns T, Carpenter J. Organizational citizenship and student achievement. Journal of Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives in Education. 2008; 1(1): 51-8 29.Young A. Innovation within a national health care. System Surgery.2017; 161(5): 1179-82. 30.Cheng CC, Shiu EC. The inconvenient truth of the relationship between open innovation activities and innovation performance. Management Decision.2015; 53(3): 625-47 31.Roberts K, Varki S, Brodie R. Measuring the quality of relationships in consumer services: an empirical study. European Journal of Marketing. 2003; 37(1/2): 169-96. 32.Salehi H. A Nursing Civic Responsibility.Medical Ethics Quarterly.2015;7(25): 163-84.
1
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Challenges of parents of youths with antisocial personality disorder: A Qualitative Content Analysis
Background: A patient with antisocial personality disorder can impoverish the energy of the family and might lead to the occurrence or escalation of psychosomatic disorders in the family members especially parents. Therefore, determining the challenges for this group of parents can create a context for appropriate planning to meet their needs. The present study aimed to explore the challenges faced by parents of youth with antisocial personality disorder. Methods: This study employed a qualitative research design with a content analysis approach. The participants were 12 parents of youth with antisocial personality disorder from Shahrekord who were selected using purposive sampling. The data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews. The collected data were first recorded and then analyzed using conventional content analysis method. Results: The results of the present study revealed 5 themes and 10 categories; social isolation (parental rejection and social discredit), Inadequate control and management (the parents’ inability in controlling the situation and the patient’s behaviors), homelessness (family’s frustration and indifference to those around the patient), constant distress (parental concerns and support), and helplessness (unsuccessful effort in controlling and treating the patient and mother’s mental-psychological suffering). Conclusions: According to the results of this study, parents of youths with antisocial personality disorder face many challenges to deal with the patients and control the conditions that require the attention of health care providers, including psychiatric nurses.
https://jqr1.kmu.ac.ir/article_90995_5176c1c68bdb0b13f4404c8091dfaa21.pdf
2020-05-01
38
46
10.22062/jqr.2020.90995
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Parents
Qualitative study
davood
kiani
davoodkihi1980@gmail.com
1
Msc of Psychiatric Nursing, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
marzeih
ziaeirad
mziaeirad@gmail.com
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Ullrich S, Coid JW. Antisocial personality disorder-Stable and unstable subtypes. J Personal Disord 2010; (24): 171-187. 2. National Statistical Institute [Institute Nacional de statistical] (2015). Statistical de Condenados: Adultos/Estadísticade Condenados: Menores. Año2014. Available at: http://www.ine.es/prensa/np932.pdf 3. Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ. Kaplan and Sadock's comprehensive textbook of psychiatry. Trans: Poorafkari N. Philadelphia: Williams & Wilkins, 11th ed, 2015. 4. Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ. Kaplan and Sadock's comprehensive textbook of psychiatry. Trans: Poorafkari N. Philadelphia: Williams & Wilkins, 9th ed, 2009. 5. Valentin M, Sasha M, Theodora M, Cecilia M, Chrysostome ZJ. Family Functioning and Parental Invalidation of Depressed Adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder Traits. J Child Adolesc Behav 2015; 3:235. 6. Motahhary Z, ahmady kh, Soleymani AA, Behzadpoor S. Effectiveness of Mindfulness on decreasing marital stress in ADHD children's mothers. Psychological research journal2010 5(17): 13-27. [In Persian]. 7. Steele A, Maruyama N, Galynker I. Psychiatric symptoms in caregivers of patients with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2010; 121(1):10-21. 8. Ae-Ngibise KA, Korley Doku VCh, Asante KP, Owusu-Agyei S. The experience of caregivers of people living with serious mental disorders: a study from rural Ghana. Glob Health Action 2015; 8(1):1-9. 9. Shamsaei F, Mohammadkhan Kermanshahi S, Vanaki Z. Survey of Family Caregiver Needs of Patients with Bipolar Disorder. Sci J Hamadan Univ Med Sci 2010; 17 (3):57-63. [In Persian]. 10. Burns N, Grove S. The practice of nursing research appraisal, synthesis and generation of evidence. 6th ed. St Louis: Saunders; 2009:50-62. 11. Mazaheri M, Khalighi N, Raghibi M, Sarabandi H. Prevalence of personality disorders among female prisoners of Zahedan prison. Zahedan J Res Med Sci 2011, 13(3):52-55. [In Persian]. 12. Parsania Z, Firoozeh M, Takfallah L, Mohammadi-Semnani S, Jahan E, Emami A. The evaluation of personality disorders among drug abusers. Journal of medical scinces 2012, 22 (2):152-156. [In Persian]. 13. POLIT, D. & BECK, C. T. 2014. Essentials of Nursing Research, Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer Lippincott. 14. Gupta A, Singh N. Positive perception in parents of children with disability. Asia pacific Disability Rehabilitation Journal 2006; 15(1):22-34. 15. Dini Turki N, Bahrami H, Davrmanesh A, Byglryan A. stress associated with marital satisfaction of parents of mentally retarded children. Quarterly Journal of Rehabilitation 2006; 7 (4):41-46. 16. Gallaway BA. Acceptance Experience of Parents of Children with Mental Illness. Master of Social Work Clinical Research Papers, 2015. 17. Ambikile JS, Outwater A. Challenges of caring for children with mental disorders: Experiences and views of caregivers attending the outpatient clinic at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam – Tanzania. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health 2012; 6:1-11. 18. Feizi A, Najmi B, Salesi A, Chorami M, Hoveidafar R. Parenting stress among mothers of children with different physical, mental, and psychological problems. J Res Med Sci 2014; 19:145-52. [In Persian]. 19. Dardas LA. Stress, Coping Strategies, and Quality of Life among Jordanian Parents of Children with Autistic Disorder. Autism 2014; 4: 1-6. 20. Ravindranadan V, Raju S. Emotional Intelligence and Quality of Life of Parents of Children with Special Needs. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology 2008; 34: 34-39. 21. Vicente JB, Marcon SS, Higarashi IH. Living with mental health disorder in childhood: feelings and reactions of the family. Texto Contexto Enferm 2016; 25(1):1-9. 22. Pisula E, Porębowicz-DoÈrsmann A. Family functioning, parenting stress and quality of life in mothers and fathers of Polish children with high functioning autism or Asperger syndrome. PLoS ONE 2017; 12(10):1-19. 23. Yamaoka Y, Tamiya N, Moriyama Y, Sandoval Garrido FA, Sumazaki R, Noguchi H. Mental Health of Parents as Caregivers of Children with Disabilities: Based on Japanese Nationwide Survey. PLoS ONE 2015; 10(12): 1-14. 24. Meltzer H, Ford T, Goodman R, Vostanis P. The Burden of Caring for Children with Emotional or Conduct Disorders. International Journal of Family Medicine 2011;8(2):1-8 25. Thomas Ray G, Croen LA, Habel LA. Mothers of Children Diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Health Conditions and Medical Care Utilization in Periods Before and After Birth of the Child. Med Care 2009; 47(1): 105–114.
1
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigating the effective factors on effective learning in Far hangman on-duty training in students individual health domain (qualitative study)
Introduction What is important in educational courses is transferring the information to the workplace. This study was done with the aim of determining effective factors on effective learning in teacher's in-service trainings in the students individual health domain. Method This study was done with the use of qualitative approach and the content analysis method in 97. In order to collecting data the semi-structured interview was used. The participants of this study consisted of teacher's in Kerman. According to the data saturation level, 23 of them were selected by using purposeful sampling method. The main question of the interview was effective factors in effective learning teacher's in-service trainings in the students individual health domain. Qualitative content analysis method was used to analyze the data. The validity of the research findings was guaranteed by the reviewed by members methods and multi-stratified data sources. Results The effective factors on effective learning of students individual health domain are placed in three categories, individual factors ( including efficiency, attitude, person's capacity to learn issues related to the health), institutional factors ( including support and opportunity of theoretical concepts in health domain), and educational factors ( location and time of training related to the individual health, educational equipment, need assessment of health-related content, educational career content, and instructors ability). Conclusion Regardless of the attitude, motivation, and efficiency of the participants, pay attention to their readiness to learn, providing necessary support, providing facilities and equipment, and paying attention to the needs of teachers are the most important factors that provides application of lessons learned in the workplace.
https://jqr1.kmu.ac.ir/article_90996_912ac04916838c4c71aa956b3069c833.pdf
2020-05-01
70
78
10.22062/jqr.2020.90996
Effective learning
In-service training courses
Students individual healthhealth
Qualitative health
hamed
eskandari
hamedeskandari1398@gmail.com
1
Ph.D. Candidate, Psychology Department, School of Literature and Humanities, Islamic Azad University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
amanollah
soltani
soltanimani@yahoo.com
2
Assistant Professor, Psychology Department, Faculty School of Literature and Humanities, Islamic Azad University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Vida
Andishmand
dr.vidaandishmand@gmail.com
3
Assistant Professor, Psychology Department, Faculty School of Literature and Humanities, Islamic Azad University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Amir
Soltani
amirsoltan59@gmail.com
4
Ph.D. in Sociology
AUTHOR
References 1. Sahinidis A, Bouris J. Employee perceived training effectiveness relationship to employee attitudes. Journal of European Industrial Training 2008;32(1): 63-76. 2. Sanayei, A., Salmanian, H.. Analysis of factors affecting the acceptance of virtual education with emphasis on Internal factors. Educational Technology, 2013; 2(4): 261-270. . [In Persian]. 3. Baridi T. T. Transfer of Training: A Review and Direction for future Research. Personnel psychology 2005; 1: 63-105. Hosseini, K., Nouri, S. H., Zabihi, A. Admission of E-learning in Higher Education: Application of Current Theory, Technology Acceptance Model and Quality of Electronic Services. Quarterly Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education. 2013;19(1): 111-136. 4. Orangi A, Gholtash A, Shahamat N, Yolsiani GH. Investigating the Effect of In-Service Training on Teacher's Professional Performance in Shiraz. Quarterly Journal - A New Approach to Educational Management2011; 2(5): 95- 114. [In Persian]. 5. Yaw, Dorothy Carole. (2008). Tools for transfer, Industrial and Commercial training 40(3), 152-155. 6. Weldy, T. G. (2009). Learning organization and transfer: strategies for improving performance. The Learning Organization, 16(1), 58 – 68. 7. Yazdani S, KHoshgoftar Z, Ahmady , S, Foroutan S A. Learning in Cyberspace: A Thematic Content Analysis in Health Learning System . J Qual Res Health Sci. 2017; 6 (3) :296-309[In Persian] 8. Perez, A. Measuring the perceived transfer of learning and training for a customer service training program delivered by line managers to call center employee in a fortune 200 financial service company[Ph.D. Thesis]. University of North Texas; 2105. 9. Cheng, E.W.L. & Ho, D.C.K. (2014). A review of transfer of training studies in the past decade. Personnel Review, 30(1), pp. 102-118. The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at http://www.emerald-library.com/ft. 10. Quesada- Pallares C. Training transfer evaluation in the publication administration of Catalonia: The MEVIT factors model. Proscdia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 2012; 46:1751-1755. 11Omidinia S, Masrom M, Selamat H. Review of e-learning and ICT infrastructure in developing countries (Case Study of Iran). American Journal of Economics and Business Administration 2011; 3(1): 120-5. 12. Hosaini Largani S.M, Fathi Vajargah K, Arefi M, Zarafshani k. Conceptualization of Scrap learning and its reduction strategies in Iranian higher education system from the viewpoint of experts. Quarterly Journal of Measuring and Educational Evaluation Studies 2015; 5(9): 9-33 . [In Persian]. 13. Sadeghi A, Anvari S. The role of university and academic research in the development process. Proceedings of the Conference on Higher Education and Sustainable Development 2004;(1): 173- 198 . [In Persian]. 14. Burke, L.A. & Hutchins, H.M. (2007). Training transfer: An Integrative Literature Review. Human Resource Development Review. 6(3), 263-296. 15. Bakhshande H, Ahmadi H, Behnam M, Hamidi M. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Arbitration Courses and Coaching Courses from Students' Perspectives Based on the Model of Kirk Patrick. Sports Management Journal 2014;5(4): 161-178. [In Persian]. 16. Saeif A. New Psychology: Psychology of Learning and Learning. Tehran, Iran: Nashre Doran; 2017 17. Yozbashi A. Investigating factors affecting the effectiveness of training courses of the National Iranian Oil Company and providing an appropriate educational model [Master Thesis]. Iran, Tehran: Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran; 2010. 18. Park J. H., Wentling T. Factors associated with transfer of training in workplace e- learning. Journal of Workplace Learning 2007; 19(5):311-329. 19. Kontoghiorghes C. A Systemic Perspective of Training Transfer. In: Käthe, S: Transfer of Learning in Organizations. Springer International Publishing 2010; 65-79. 20. Saks A. M. & Belcourt M. An investigation of training activities and transfer of training in organizations. Human Resource Management 2006; 45 (4): 629- 948. 21. Baldwin T. T, Ford K. J. Transfer of training: A review and directions for future research. Personnel Psychology 2011; 41(1): 63-105. 22. Noe R.A. Trainees, attributes and attitudes: Neglected influences on training effectiveness. Academy of management Review 2010; 11(4): 736-749. 23. Olivos P, Santos A, Martin S, Ca as M., G mez- L zaro E, Maya Y. The relationship between learning styles and motivation to transfer of learning in a vocational training program. Suma Psicol gica 2016; 23(1): 25 - 32. 24. Noorizan M. M, Afzan N. F, Akma A. S. The Moderating Effects of Motivation on Work Environment and Training Transfer: A Preliminary Analysis. Procedia Economics and Finance 2016; 37: 158-163. 25. Mattox J. R. Scrap Learning—Your Programs Are Not As Good as You Think They Are. Training Industry Conference & Exposition 2015. 26, Barshan A, Safai Movahed S, Farzad V A, Kiamanesh A, Moghadam Zadeh A. The Effective Factors on the Formation of Scrap Learning in In-Service Training: A qualitative study. J Qual Res Health Sci. 2019; 7 (4) :418-427. [In Persian]
1
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Preserving and Promoting Health among Middle-aged Women: A Grounded Theory Study
Introduction: Middle age is a developmental stage. Women in this stage are capable of preserving and promoting their own health as well as the health of other members of their families. In fact, women's health can assure other family members’ health. Studies indicated that to preserve and promote their own health, women take several initiatives, which are process-based. Accordingly, the present study aims to identify the processes used for preserving and promoting health process in middle-aged women. Methods: This qualitative study was carried out using a grounded theory method. The participants were 20 middle-aged women who were selected by purposive and theoretical sampling. The required data were collected by semi-structured interviews with the participants. Data collection and analysis were done simultaneously from the first stage. Accordingly, all the recorded interviews were transcribed. Then, the transcribed data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin’s approach and the extracted concepts and themes were categorized. Results: Changes in physical and mental health status are identified as a main concern of middle-aged women. The ongoing process to remove concerns and preserve and promote health among the participating women appeared in maintaining im/balance in health, in/efficient adjustment, and moving toward change. Conclusion: The health-oriented behaviors were represented by three forms of process. In fact, these three formations are not independent of each other, but, paralleled, interrelated and with different speeds reinforced health-oriented behaviors among women to preserve and promote their health. The identification of health-oriented behaviors formation in middle-aged women can help community health nurses know the type of behaviors, processes, and elements that enable women to preserve and promote their own health.
https://jqr1.kmu.ac.ir/article_90997_6fc514065118a61da346f830bc452c5f.pdf
2020-05-01
1
9
10.22062/jqr.2020.90997
Health
health promotion
middle-aged women
Grounded Theory Study
nasrin
rezaee
nasrin_rezaee2005@yahoo.com
1
Associated Professor, Community Nursing Research Center, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Naimeh
Seyedfatemi
nsyedfatmi@yahoo.com
2
Professor, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahvash
Salsali
m_salsali@hotmail.com
3
Professor, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
1. AbouZahr C. Progress and challenges in women's health: An analysis of levels and patterns of mortality and morbidity. Contraception 2014; 90(6 Suppl): S3-13. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2014.03.007. 2. Chuni N, Sreeramareddy CT. Frequency of symptoms, determinants of severe symptoms, the validity of and cut-off score for Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) as a screening tool: A cross-sectional survey among midlife Nepalese women. BMC Women's Health 2011; 11:30. doi: 10.1186/1472-6874-11-30. 3. Kumar A, Srivastava K. Cultural and social practices regarding menstruation among adolescent girls. Soc Work Public Health 2011; 26(6): 594-604. doi: 10.1080/19371918.2010.525144. 4. Morrison LA, Brown DE, Sievert LL, Reza A, Rahberg N, Mills P, et al. Voices from the hilo women’s health study: Talking story about menopause. Health Care Women Int 2014; 35(5): 529-48. doi: 10.1080/07399332.2013.829067. 5. Rezaee N, Salsali M, Jahantigh M. Identification of women’s health dimensions: A review on qualitative studies. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research 2015; 10(3): 118-30. [In Persian]. 6. Ayranci U, Orsal O, Orsal O, Arslan G, Emeksiz DF. Menopause status and attitudes in a Turkish midlife female population: An epidemiological study. BMC Womens Health 2010; 10:1. doi: 10.1186/1472-6874-10-1. 7. Heidari F, Mohammad Khan Kermanshahi S, Vanaki Z, Kazem Nejad A. A Survey the effect of a planned program of health promotion on stress management in middle-aged women. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research 2011; 6(22): 16-23. [In Persian]. 8. Ghaljaei F, Rezaee N, Salar A. Identifying self-care behaviors in middle-aged women: A qualitative study. Electronic Physician 2017; 9(11): 5800-5. doi: 10.19082/5800. 9. Nicolaidis C, Timmons V, Thomas MJ, Waters AS, Wahab S, Mejia A, et al. You don't go tell White people nothing: African American women's perspectives on the influence of violence and race on depression and depression care. Am J Public Health 2010; 100(8): 1470-6. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.161950. 10. Seyedfatemi N, Salsali M, Rezaee N, Rahnavard Z. Women’s health concept: A meta-synthesis study. Iranian J Publ Health 2014; 43(10): 1335-44. 11. Rezaee N, Seyedfatemi N, Salar A, Ghaljaei F. Identifying health seeking behaviors among middle-aged women: A qualitative study. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 2016; 26(140): 175-86. [In Persian]. 12. Majaj L, Nassar M, De Allegri M. It's not easy to acknowledge that I'm ill: A qualitative investigation into the health-seeking behavior of rural Palestinian women. BMC Womens Health 2013; 13:26. doi: 10.1186/1472-6874-13-26. 13. Lee RC, Fawcett J. The influence of the met paradigm of nursing on professional identity development among RN-BSN students. Nurs Sci Q 2013; 26(1): 96-8. doi: 10.1177/0894318412466734. 14. Corbin J, Strauss A. Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. 3rd ed. USA: Sage Publications; 2007. 15. Graneheim UH, Lundman B. Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: Concepts, procedures, and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Educ Today 2004; 24(2): 105-12. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2003.10.001. 16. Masoomi T, Shafaroudi N, Kamali M, Hasani Mehraban A, Omranipour R. Psychological responses to breast cancer: A qualitative study. Quarterly Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences 2013; 20(1): 84-92. [In Persian]. 17. Kohan S, Simbar M, Taleghani F. Role of family planning services in empowering women: A qualitative study. Hakim 2012; 15(1): 68-77. [In Persian]. 18. Mortazavi F, Mirzaii K. Concerns and expectations towards husbands' involvement in prenatal and intrapartum cares a qualitative study. Payesh 2012; 11(1): 51-63. [In Persian]. 19. Lock M, Post D, Dollman J, Parfitt G. Development of a self-determination theory-based physical activity intervention for aged care workers: Protocol for the activity for well-being program. Front Public Health 2018; 6:341. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00341. 20. Ahmadi B, Farzadi F, Alimohammadian M. Women's health in Iran: Issues and challenges. Payesh 2012; 11(1): 127-37. [In Persian]. 21. Edwards H, Duchesne A, Au AS, Einstein G. The many menopauses: searching the cognitive research literature for menopause types. Menopause 2019; 26(1): 45‐65. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000001171. 22. Rafii F, Seyedfatemi N, Rezaei M. Factors involved in Iranian Women heads of household’s health promotion activities: A grounded theory study. Open Nurs J 2013; 21(7): 133-41. doi: 10.2174/1874434601307010133. 23. Dalvandi A, Rohani C, Mosallanejad Z, Hesamzadeh A. Meaning of well-being among Iranian women: A phenomenological descriptive approach. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2015; 20(1): 17‐24. 24. FasihiHarandy T, Anoosheh M, Ghofranipour F, Montazeri A, Ahmadi F, Mohammadi E, Niknami Sh. Health-related quality of life in Iranian breast cancer survivors: A qualitative study. Payesh 2012; 11(1): 73-81. [In Persian]. 25. Hamidian P, Rezaee N, Shakiba M, Navidian A. The Effect of cognitive-emotional training on post-traumatic growth in women with breast cancer in the middle east. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2019; 26(1): 25-32. doi: 10.1007/s10880-018-9561-z. 26. Khazaee-Pool M, Montazeri A, Majlessi F, Rahimi Foroushani A, Nedjat S, Shojaeizadeh D. Breast cancer-preventive behaviors: Exploring Iranian women’s experiences. BMC Womens Health 2014; 14(1): 41. doi: 10.1186/1472-6874-14-41. 27. Hayes Constant TK, Winkler JL, Bishop A, Taboada Palomino LG. Perilous uncertainty: situating women’s breast-health seeking in Northern Peru. Qual Health Res 2014; 24(6): 811-23. 28. Mardani-Hamooleh M, Taghavi-Larijani T, Heidari H, Avazpour M. Female cancer patients’ perceptions regarding health-related behaviors: A qualitative analysis. Basic & Clinical Cancer Research 2017; 9(2): 4-12. 29. Alyaemni A, Theobald S, Faragher B, Jehan K, Tolhurst R. Gender inequities in health: An exploratory qualitative study of Saudi women’s perceptions. Women Health 2013; 53(7): 741-59. doi: 10.1080/03630242.2013.829169. 30. Enjezab B, Farajzadegan Z, Taleghani F, Aflatoonian A. Gender barriers to health promotion in middle-aged Iranian women. J Biosoc Sci 2014; 46(6): 818-29. doi: 10.1017/S0021932013000618. 31. Parvizy S, Kiani K, Ivbijaro G. Women’s health bridges and barriers: A qualitative study. Health Care Women Int 2013; 34(3-4): 193-208. doi: 10.1080/07399332.2012.740108. 32. Hammarström A, Wiklund AF, Lindahl B, Larsson C, Ahlgren C. Experiences of barriers and facilitators to weight-loss in a diet intervention a qualitative study of women in northern Sweden. BMC Women’s Health 2014; 14:59. doi: 10.1186/1472-6874-14-59. 33. Rezaee N, Salar A, Ghaljaei F, Seyedfatem N, Rezaei N. Understanding the contextual factors affecting women's health in sistan and baluchistan province in Iran: A qualitative study. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery 2017; 5(4): 317-28. 34. Nichols P, Ussery-Hall A, Griffin-Blake S, Easton A. The evolution of the steps program, 2003-2010: Transforming the federal public health practice of chronic disease prevention. Prev Chronic Dis 2012; 9:E50. doi: 10.5888/pcd9.110220.
1
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Explaining the concept of death from the perspective of children aged 4 to 8: A descriptive phenomenological study
Introduction: Background: A significant portion of children's imaginative thoughts is focused on the death of their parents and the fear of losing their loved ones. The fact is that an answer must be provided according to the child's perceptual complexities to prevent any harm in the process of their psychological development. Therefore, this descriptive phenomenological study aimed to investigate the concept of death in the perceptions of children aged 4 to 8 years. Methods: This study employed a qualitative descriptive phenomenology. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The research population included all children aged 4 to 8 years in Tehran in 2018 who somehow experienced the concept of death including the death of animals, a loved one, and participation in funerals or mourning ceremonies. The research sample consisted of 20 children who were selected via purposive sampling for the interviews. The data were analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-step method. Results: The results of the study showed that the children’s attitudes towards the concept of death could be classified into three main contents including “irreversibility”, “universality”, and “loss of vital functions”. Conclusion: Given the population of children participating in this study and the correspondence of their responses to existing theories including Piaget's theory of cognitive development, it seems that the phenomenon of death was conceptualized and perceived by Iranian children in three components including “irreversibility”, “universality”, and “loss of vital functions”, and children at a younger age have access to concepts related to the three components.
https://jqr1.kmu.ac.ir/article_90998_993b7aba2006cb77a9fd73c30085993e.pdf
2020-05-01
10
17
10.22062/jqr.2020.90998
Phenomenology
Child
Death
Rezvan
Mahmood Ashiri
r_ashiri7@yahoo.com
1
MA in counseling, Department of Counseling and Psychology, School of Humanities, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
anahita
khodabakhshi-koolaee
a.khodabakhshid@khatam.ac.ir
2
Assistant professor, Department of Psychology and Education, School of Humanities, Khatam University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Gaab EM, Owens GR, MacLeod RD. Caregivers’ estimations of their children's perceptions of death as a biological concept. Death Studies 2013; 37(8): 693-703. doi: 10.1080/07481187.2012.692454. 2. Kazemi H, khodabakhshi-koolaee A. Comparative study of the concept of death in children based on the nagy and piaget cognitive pattern: Directed content analysis. Journal of Pediatric Nursing 2019; 6(1): 71-8. doi: 10.21859/jpen-06110. [In Persian]. 3. Longbottom S, Slaughter V. Sources of children's knowledge about death and dying. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 2018; 373(1754): 20170267. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0267. 4. Nielson D. Discussing death with pediatric patients: Implications for nurses. J Pediatr Nurs 2012; 27(5): e59-64. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2011.11.006. 5. Gutiérrez IT, Menendez D, Jiang MJ, Hernandez IG, Miller P, Rosengren KS. Embracing death: Mexican parent and child perspectives on death. Child Development 2020; 91(2): e491-511. doi: 10.1111/cdev.13263. 6. Menendez D, Hernandez IG, Rosengren KS. Children’s emerging understanding of death. Child Development Perspectives 2020; 14(1): 55-60. doi: 10.1111/cdep.12357. 7. Agrawal J. What do preschool children in india understand about death?: An exploratory study. OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying 2019; 0030222819852834. doi: 10.1177/0030222819852834. 8. Wong M. Chinese preschool children’s understanding of death. Early Years 2019; 1-6. doi: 10.1080/09575146.2019.1686466. 9. Satvat A, Khodabakhshi-Koolaee A, Falsafinejad M, Sanagoo A. identifying the challenges marriage of person with physical-motor disabilities in Tehran: A phenomenological study. Iranian Journal of Rehabilitation Research in Nursing 2018; 5(2): 55-62. doi: 10.21859/ijrn-05028. [In Persian]. 10. Shosha GA. Employment of Colaizzi's strategy in descriptive phenomenology: A reflection of a researcher. European Scientific Journal 2012; 8(27): 31-43. doi:10.19044/esj.2012.v8n27p%p. 11. Yan J, Yanhua C, Min H. An Investigation on 3-6-year-old Chinese Children's Perception of "Death". Universal Journal of Educational Research 2017; 5(2): 203-8. 12. Panagiotakia G, Hopkins M, Nobesc G, Wardd E, Griffithsc D. Children’s and adults’ understanding of death: Cognitive, parental, and experiential influences. J Exp Child Psychol 2018; 166: 96-115. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2017.07.014. 13. Bonoti F, Leondari A, Mastora A. Exploring children's understanding of death: through drawings and the death concept questionnaire. Death Studies 2013; 37(1): 47-60. doi: 10.1080/07481187.2011.623216. 14. Slaughter V, Griffiths M. Death understanding and fear of death in young children. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2007; 12(4): 525-35. doi: 10.1177/1359104507080980. 15. Florian V, Kravetz S. Children's concepts of death: A cross-cultural comparison among Muslims, Druze, Christians, and Jews in Israel. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 1985; 16(2): 174-89. doi: 10.1177/0022002185016002003. 16. Slaughter V. Young children's understanding of death. Australian psychologist 2005; 40(3):179-86. doi: 10.1080/00050060500243426.
1
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Identifying the psychological challenges of mothers with a chronically ill child: A phenomenological study
Introduction: Having a child with a chronic mental illness puts a lot of psychological pressure on family members, especially the mother who takes care of the child. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the psychological challenges of mothers of children with chronic diseases in Karaj. Methods: This study employed a descriptive phenomenological approach using a purposive sampling method and was conducted in 2017. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with the participants who were mothers of children with a chronic mental illness at the Rehabilitation, Treatment, and Care Center for Neurological and Psychiatric Patients in Mehrafarin, Karaj, of whom 17 were selected to take the interviews. The collected data were analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-step method for data analysis. Results: The results of the study showed that the psychological challenges faced by mothers with chronically ill children can be divided into five main categories: Feeling uncomfortable at home, feeling of constant fear, mental fatigue caused by continuous maternal care, social stigma and restricted interactions, and insufficient financial and support resources. Conclusion: Mothers who have to care for a child with a chronic mental illness are exposed to substantial burden of care and psychological pressure. Some of these psychological challenges are rooted in individual and family issues, and others are rooted in social conditions and seeking support for the patient. Therefore, it seems that the teaching of psychological interventions to mothers should be individually and socially oriented to reduce the psychological challenges and pressures tolerated by mothers with chronically ill children. Of course, concerning objective burden and seeking support, benefiting from insurance and other health services can reduce the problems faced by these mothers.
https://jqr1.kmu.ac.ir/article_90999_34645add01cd78895c052451469b37fc.pdf
2020-05-01
18
27
10.22062/jqr.2020.90999
: Psychological Stressors
mental disorders
Mothers
qualitative research
Mahboobeh
Rezaei
rezaeimahboobeh965@gmail.com
1
MSc in Counseling, Department of Counseling, School of Human Science, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
anahita
khodabakhshi-koolaee
a.khodabakhshid@khatam.ac.ir
2
Assistant professor, Department of Psychology and Education, School of Humanities, Khatam University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
falsafinejad
falsafinejad@atu.ac.ir
3
Associate professor, Department of Measurement, School of Psychology and Education, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Akram
Sanagoo
a_sanagu@yahoo.com
4
Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, Nursing Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
AUTHOR
1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). [cited 2019 Oct] Available from: https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm. 2. Hosseini H, Akbari M, Mohamadi J. Effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy on positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 2013; 23(107): 29-37. [In Persian]. 3. Khodabakhshi Koolaee A, Ebrahim Baighi H, Navidian A. Effects of communication skills training on aggression and quality of life of male patients with a chronic mental illness. Journal of Client-Centered Nursing Care 2016; 2(1): 3-10. 4. Khatibi A. Survey of Females’ Attitude toward factors affecting the family’s strength. Journal of Women and Family Studies 2016; 3(1): 59-92. doi: 10.22051/jwfs.2015.2196. [In Persian]. 5. Puntis M. Skills for communicating with patients. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2006; 88(1): 85-6. doi: 10.1308/003588406X83159c. 6. Rahdari M, Modarres Gharavi M, Tabibi Z. On the relationship between personality traits and level of expressed emotion in mothers of schizophrenic patients. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health 2010; 12(45): 438-47. [In Persian]. 7. Kilbourne AM, Barbaresso MM, Lai Z, Nord KM, Bramlet M, Goodrich DE, et al. Improving physical health in patients with chronic mental disorders: 12-month results from a randomized controlled collaborative care trial. J Clin Psychiatry 2017; 78(1): 129-37. doi: 10.4088/JCP.15m10301. 8. Roberge P, Hudon C, Pavilanis A, Beaulieu MC, Benoit A, Brouillet H, et al. A qualitative study of perceived needs and factors associated with the quality of care for common mental disorders in patients with chronic diseases: The perspective of primary care clinicians and patients. BMC Fam Pract 2016; 17(1): 134. doi: 10.1186/s12875-016-0531-y. 9. Haber J, Krainovich-Miller B, McMahon AL. Comprehensive Psychiatry Nursing. 5th ed. United States: Mosby; 1997. 10. Bryant W, Fieldhouse J, Bannigan K. Creek's Occupational Therapy and Mental Health. 5th ed. UK: Churchill Livingstone; 2014. 11. Taylor TL, Killaspy H, Wright C, Turton P, White S, Kallert TW, et al. A systematic review of the international published literature relating to the quality of institutional care for people with long term mental health problems. BMC Psychiatry 2009; 9:55. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-9-55. 12. Noori Khajavi M, Ardeshirzadeh M, Dolatshahi B, Afgheh S. Comparative evaluation of psychological burden in caregivers of patients with chronic schizophrenia and caregivers of patients with chronic bipolar disorder. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology 2008; 14(1): 80-4. [In Persian]. 13. Tavallaie SA, Assari SH, Najafi M, Habibi M, Ghanei M. Study of sleep quality in chemical-warfare- agents exposed veterans. Journal of Military Medicine 2005; 6(4): 241-8. [In Persian]. 14. Girard A, Hudon C, Poitras ME, Roberge P, Chouinard MC. Primary care nursing activities with patients affected by physical chronic disease and common mental disorders: A qualitative descriptive study. J Clin Nurs 2017; 26(9-10): 1385-94. doi: 10.1111/jocn.13695. 15. Narusyte J, Ropponen A, Alexanderson K, Svedberg P. Disability pension due to mental diagnoses: the role of psychiatric disorders and chronic fatigue. European Journal of Public Health 2013; 23(Suppl 1):ckt123-093. 16. Ghoreishi SA, Mollaei R, Naseri M. Quality of life in patients inhabiting in chronic mental patients care center. Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences 2014; 17(11):e74313. doi: 10.22110/jkums.v17i11.1312. 17. Weimand BM, Hall‐Lord ML, Sällström C, Hedelin B. Life‐sharing experiences of relatives of persons with severe mental illness–a phenomenographic study. Scand J Caring Sci 2013; 27(1): 99-107. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-6712.2012.01007.x. 18. Raj EA, Shiri S, Jangam KV. Subjective burden, psychological distress, and perceived social support among caregivers of persons with schizophrenia. Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry 2016; 32(1): 42-9. 19. Kim IH. The relationship between family burden and mental health service needs of family for home-based chronic mental patients in community. J Agric Med Community Health 2008; 33(3): 269-78. 20. Hyun MS. A study of the relation between perceived family support and social adjustment of discharged patients with a chronic mental illness. The Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1992; 22(3): 352-61. 21. Muschalla B, Linden M. Workplace phobia, workplace problems, and work ability among primary care patients with chronic mental disorders. J Am Board Fam Med 2014; 27(4): 486-94. 22. Theunissen J, Duurkoop P. Reaction on the aftermath of the reduction in inpatient care and treatment II: cross-sectional study relating to the health, the need for care, the quality of life, social functioning and the integration in society of chronic mental patients in Amsterdam'. reply to Hovens and Loonen. Tijdschr Psychiatr 2013; 55(5):388. [In Dutch]. 23. Shamsaei F, Mohammadkhan Kermanshahi S, Vanaki Z. Survey of family caregiver needs of patients with bipolar disorder. Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine 2010; 17(3): 57-63. [In Persian]. 24. Akbari M, Alavi M, Irajpour A, Maghsoudi J. Challenges of family caregivers of patients with mental disorders in Iran: A narrative review. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2018; 23(5): 329-37. doi: 10.4103/ijnmr.IJNMR_122_17. 25. Cheraghi F, Shamsaei F, Riazi H. Survey of nursing and care needs of patients with mental disorders than of hospital discharge. Avicenna J Nurs Midwifery Care 2010; 18(2): 15-25. [In Persian]. 26. Streubert HJ, Carpenter DR. 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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Patients’ experience of living with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): A hermeneutic phenomenology
Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder with a wide range of effects on the individual’s quality of life, emotional state, and identity. Given the lack of knowledge about patients’ perceptions of life with irritable bowel syndrome, this study aimed to describe and interpret patients' experience of living with irritable bowel syndrome Methods: The present qualitative study was conducted using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach on 15 patients with irritable bowel syndrome who referred to three central clinics. The data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with the participants who were selected through purposive sampling. Thematic analysis was carried out using Van Manen’s six-step methodological framework as a guide. Besides, MAXQDA software was used for data management. Results: The analysis of the data yielded four themes and eight subthemes. The patients’ experiences of living with IBS were manifested through the themes of “crisis and transient release” (with “storm in the corporeality” and “relief” subthemes); “surrender and harassment” (with “mandatory submitting” and “feeling of helplessness” subthemes); “looking for adaptation” (with “struggle in obtaining insight” and “seeking help from coping strategies” subthemes); and “different self-perceptions” (with “threatened self” and “deep self-knowledge” subthemes). Conclusion: Understanding the life experience of IBS patients can be effective in improving the interdisciplinary medical-care programs and reducing their psychological, social, and physical problems. Therefore, carrying out more studies to promote the quality of life of IBS patients is suggested.
https://jqr1.kmu.ac.ir/article_91000_2436e70f7b65e35d02380ba5e21b39c6.pdf
2020-05-01
28
37
10.22062/jqr.2020.91000
Irritable bowel syndrome
Experience
Phenomenology
qualitative research
Zinat
Mohebbi
mohebbi04@yahoo.com
1
assistant professor, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Irany of medical sciences
AUTHOR
farkhondeh
Sharif
fsharif@sums.ac.ir
2
Professor, Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Shiraz Geriatric Research Center, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
hamid
peyrovi
peyrovi.h@iums.ac.ir
3
Professor, Nursing Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
mahnaz
rakhshan
mzrakhshan@gmail.com
4
Associate Professor, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
mahvash
alizade Naini
malizadnaini@yahoo.com
5
Associate Professor, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medical, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
ladan
zarshenas
zarshenas@sums.ac.ir
6
Assistant Professor, Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
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