Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61091220120901HIV/AIDS Patients’ Experiences about Stigma: a Qualitative Studyتجربیات بیماران مبتلا به HIV/AIDS از ننگ اجتماعی: یک مطالعه کیفی718090712ENFatemehRahmatiShamsadinNiknamiFarkhondehAminAliRavariJournal Article20200708Introduction: HIV/AIDS stigma has influenced HIV/AIDS patients and the medical system. The
purpose of this study was to explore the experience of perceived stigma in these patients in
relation to the public and health care workers (PLWHA).
Method: In-depth, semi-structured interviews were held with a purposively selected group of 61
PLWH recruited from two HIV care clinics in Tehran during 2009-2010. Data were analyzed
using the content analysis approach.
Results: The results were categorized into two themes based on the two major themes of
extrinsic stigma (i.e. taunting, bashfulness and discrimination) and intrinsic stigma (i.e. rejection,
seclusion, and frustration).
Conclusion: Taunting and rejection were among the patients' main experiences. This study
implies that it is crucial to integrate education to reduce stigma into HIV education programs by
behavior change theories.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61091220120901The First Menstruation Experience among Student Girlsتجربه اولین قاعدگی ( Menarche) در دختران دانش آموز819190713ENZhilaSoltanahmadiFaribaBorhani0000-0002-8937-2649MehriKohanJournal Article20200708Introduction: Puberty is a beginning of significant developments to adolescents. This event is
associated with many changes in different aspects of an individual’s life. One of the changes is
menstruation. The first menstruation (or menarche) is a natural phenomenon and an important
occurrence in a girl’s life, but sometimes it involves physical disturbances and health challenges
that can have negative physical, mental and social effects. The literature indicates a strong
relationship between understanding menstruation and cultural backgrounds. This study was
carried out to explore the first menstruation experience among student girls.
Method: 17 student girls were selected by purposeful sampling from target high schools. For
data gathering, semi-structured interviews and the focus group method were used. The data
were analyzed through a qualitative content analysis based on Graham and landsman method.
Results: The findings of this study showed 5 themes including: inadequate readiness, paradox
feeling, numerous problems, support, and subjective and serious event occurrence.
Conclusion: The findings of this study gave a clear understanding of the menarche
phenomenon in student girls. This understanding can be enriched by future studies and
considering the above mentioned themes. These categories and themes can be used in
teaching girls, mothers and instructors. Hence, a better understanding of girls’ wishes and
concerns in this context is useful and vital..Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61091220120901Consequences of living with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder:A Qualitative Studyپیامدهای زندگی با اختلال استرس پس از ضربه: یک مطالعه کیفی9210190714ENMasoudSirati NirBaqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of NursingAbbasEbadiBaqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Nursing0000-0000-0000-0000MasoudFallahi KhoshknabWelfare and Rehabilitation UniversityAbbasTavallaieBehavioral Sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences,4. Psychiatry groupJournal Article20200708Introduction: Severe psychological stress is potentially threatening for anyone. Chronic
combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder is accompanied by other psychological problems
including depression. Thus the aim of this study was to describe the consequences of living with
this disorder.
Method: In this qualitative study, 20 male veterans with combat-related posttraumatic stress
disorder were selected purposefully and studied using semi-structured deep interview. Data
were analyzed using conventional content analysis in 2011.
Results: The consequences of living with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder were
classified into three main categories of psychological, physical, and social consequences, based
on the common experiences of the participants. Psychological consequences include three
subcategories of lack of self-confidence, lack of entertainment, and negative emotions. Physical
consequences include four subcategories of sleep disorders, sexual dysfunction, physical pain,
and restricted physical activity. Social consequences include three subcategories of disrupted
interpersonal relations, lack of income or job, and restricted duty fulfillment.
Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that combat-related post-traumatic stress
disorder has had a negative effect on all different aspects of their health including physical,
psychological and social. Reducing this problem requires interventions and continuous
monitoring of the medical health status of these clients.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61091220120901Multi-rater Evaluation in the Clinical Evaluation of Nursing Students:Instructors` Experiences and Viewpointsارزشیابی بالینی دانشجویان پرستاری به روش ارزشیابان متعدد: تجربیات و دیدگاه مدرسین10211190715ENMehrnooshPazargadiSchool of Nursing & Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTaherehAshktorabSchool of Nursing & Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesShararehKhosraviSchool of Nursing & Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesJournal Article20200708Introduction: In clinical nursing education, evaluation is mostly the instructors` responsibility.
This process causes challenges for both instructors and students. It seems that, a way to
confront these challenges is to use multi-rater evaluation. The aim of this study is to investigate
the experiences and viewpoints of nursing instructors of multi-rater evaluation in the clinical
evaluation of nursing students.
Method: This is a qualitative, descriptive study. Study samples were 14 nursing faculty
members from nursing schools of Medical Sciences Universities in Tehran. They were selected
by purposive sampling to the point of data saturation. Data was gathered through semistructured
interviews. Data was analyzed by latent qualitative content analysis. First, each
interview was read several times and the meaning units were found. Then, coding was done.
Codes were categorized based on their similarities and themes, and created the categories.
Results: Data analysis showed 3 themes including instructors centralization, challenges, and
ability.
Conclusion: The results of the current study showed most participants believed that the
instructors have the most important role in student evaluation. Among other people, clinical
nurses and students were also mentioned the participants argued about some challenges these
groups face and discussed their ability to participate in the evaluation. It is obvious that multirater
evaluation, in the clinical evaluation of nursing students, has positive aspects, but
implementing this method needs planning and preparation.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61091220120901The Challenges of Transition to Retirement from the Point of View of Retired Nurses: Shock and disbeliefچالش های موجود در انتقال به بازنشستگی از دیدگاه پرستاران بازنشسته: شوک و ناباوری11212290716ENMonirNobaharSemnan University of Medical SciencesFazlollahAhmadiTarbiat Modares University0000-0002-1961-7735FatemahAlhaniTarbiat Modares UniversityMasoodFallahi KhoshknabWelfare and Rehabilitation Sciences UniversityJournal Article20200708Introduction: Due to the increasing of the number of retirees and the duration of the retirement
period, as well as the challenges that exist in employees transitioning to retirement, it is
necessary to explore these challenges. The aim of this study was to explore the presence of
challenges in the transition to retirement.
Method: This qualitative study was a conventional content analysis with purposive sampling
method. Sampling continued until data saturation. Data were collected through semi-structured
and deep interviews. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis.
Results: Twenty retired nurses participated in the study. The main theme extracted from the
data was shock and disbelief caused by being retired. The categories included "little knowledge",
"dissatisfaction from working conditions before retirement", and "financial problems". Each
category consisted of several sub-categories.
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed challenges in the transition to retirement. Based
on the experience of retired nurses, basic challenges in the transition to retirement were limited
knowledge about retirement, rigid working conditions before retirement, and financial problems.
These challenges cause shock and disbelief in the transition to retirement. Exact planning to
confront these challenges will result in the retirees being well prepared and will facilitate their
transition to a safe and comfortable retirement.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61091220120901The Perception of Cardiac Surgery Patients on Comfortable Resources: A Qualitative Studyدرک بیماران جراحی قلب از منابع آسایش بخش: یک مطالعه کیفی12313490717ENVidaShafipourTarbiat ModaresEesaMohammadiTarbiat ModaresFazlollahAhmadiTarbiat Modares0000-0002-1961-7735Journal Article20200708Introduction: Comfort is a basic human need throughout life and an outcome of nursing.
Therefore, it is necessary to understand the comforting needs of cardiac surgery patients, who
experience the complications and problems of this surgery. This study was performed to explain
the perception of cardiac surgery patients of comfortable resources.
Method: This study was conducted with a qualitative, content analysis approach. The
participants were 20 cardiac surgery patients. Data collection was performed through
unstructured interview and purposive sampling, and continued until data saturation. Continuous
analysis of data was performed concurrently with data collection and through a comparative
method.
Results: During the content analysis process, 4 themes emerged that indicated the nature and
dimensions of the patients’ perception of comfortable resources. These themes included
“Feeling a close and humanistic relationship with the nurse”, “Understanding the constant
presence and monitoring of the nurse”, “Advocacy of family and peer patients”, and “Being in a
safe environment”.
Conclusion: The results of the current study showed that patients receive more comfort from
human resources than environment and modern equipment. This issue shows the importance of
highlighting the role of nurses and humanistic nursing care, despite the need for specialized
nursing with modern technical facilities. Therefore, considering nurses and the standardization of
human resources in health centers is more important than the physical standardization. This will
result in nursing interventions being done with real understanding of the patients’ needs.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61091220120901Decline of Self-efficacy: the Consequence of Nursing Work-family Conflictنقصان خودکارامدی: پیامد تعارض کار- خانواده پرستاران13514790718ENHossainتوانگرFatemahAlhani0000-0002-1090-2476ZohrehVanakiJournal Article20200708Introduction: Work–family Conflict (WFC) is described as a two-sided incompatibility between
the demands of work and family roles. This means that, participation in work roles due to
participation in family roles, or vice versa, is difficult. WFC has been reported in various jobs,
including nursing with several outcomes. Therefore, this study is designed to explain the
experiences of nurses from the consequences of WFC.
Method: This study was conducted based on the qualitative analysis approach. In this study 16
nurses were selected by purposeful sampling. The data was collected through deep and
unstructured interviews. The method of data analysis was inductive content analysis approach.
Results: Of the total 16 participants 12 were female and 4 male. All participants had a
bachelor's degree, and work experience between 4 to 28 years and the average of 14.9 years.
The research findings showed that main category (theme) was decline of self-efficacy with the
following subcategories: 1-failure in family affairs 2-inadvertent negligence in patient care 3-
ignoring themselves.
Conclusion: The findings of the current research showed that nurses under certain conditions,
such as lack of work and family support, double pressure of work due to shortage of nurses and
excessive work and family demands, experience a reduction in their ability to manage work and
family affairs and a decline in their self-efficacy. Decline in self-efficacy increases interaction
between work and family duties therefore, the WFC becomes more severe. In fact a defective
cycle is formed, the results of which are negative outcomes in both work and family domains.
Therefore, in order to prevent the negative consequences of WFC, which are sometimes
irreparable, it is recommended that nurses become familiar with scientific management of WFC,
and be supported comprehensively by their family and hospital. Thus, they will have more
freedom and flexibility, and minimum interference possible in their work and family programs.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61091220120901Adolescent Girls and Their Parents’ Perception of Exercise Habit Barriersدرک دختران نوجوان و والدین آ نها از موانع عادت به ورزش14815790719ENS.vahideHosseiniMonirehAnooshehAbbasAbbaszadeh0000-0001-5708-7838MohammadEhsaniJournal Article20200708Introduction: Despite the importance of physical activity and exercise for lifelong health,
involvement in physical activity declines during adolescence, particularly for girls. Identifying
barriers of physical activity habit helps researchers to design better and more effective
interventions for participation in exercise and physical activity. This study was designed to
explore barriers of physical activity habit in adolescent girls.
Method: A qualitative study was conducted by means of semi-structured interviews with twenty
five participants (adolescents, mothers, and fathers). The interviews were tape-recorded
transcribed verbatim and analyzed through qualitative content analysis.
Results: Two main themes emerged as exercising habit barriers in adolescent girls: explicit
restraints, implicit restraints.
Conclusion: This study provided a better understanding of exercising habit barriers in
adolescent girls that is often missing from quantitative work. Identifying and removing barriers
can help researches to develop exercising habit which has a main role in human health
promotion.