Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61092120130601Role of Charities in the Health System: A Qualitative Studyمطالعه کیفی موسسات خیریه سلامت استان کرمان11090736ENMahmodNekoeimokadamSaedehAmiryosafiZahraGhorbani BahabadiMohammadrezaAmiresmailiKerman University of medical sciencesJournal Article20200708Introduction: Donations are one of the resources for financing healthcare. As charities do not always
work according to the objectives of health systems, numerous problems develop. This study aimed to
identify charities engaged in the health sector of Kerman Province (Iran) and to describe their
management, their interactions with other parts of the health system, and their problems and challenges.
Method: In the present qualitative study, six charities were identified. We interviewed 15 purposefully
selected individuals working in these institutions. The interviews were conducted based on structured
interview guide in the form of two in-depth interviews. Data was analyzed through framework analysis.
Results: Six themes were recognized regarding charity institutions management. They included institution
practice scope, resourcing, type of donations, resource utilization pattern, challenges and interactions with
universities and other related institutes.
Conclusion: Our findings indicated that primary health issues are not amongst the priorities of the studied
charities. On the other hand, as donations are not a sustainable resource, other specific resources are
necessary. Donations should be directed toward the objectives of institutions. Legal and administrative
obstacles have to be completely eliminated. Medical universities and other organizations should continue
their mutual relationship with charities to facilitate the implementation of charities’ plans.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61092120130601Concept of Spirituality: A Conventional Content Analysisتبیین مفهوم معنویت: تحلیل محتوای قراردادی112090737ENAmirVahedian-azimiMedical – Surgical Group, Nursing DepartmentAbolfazlRahimiOperation Group, Nursing DepartmentJournal Article20200708Introduction: Health is a holistic concept that incorporates physical, social, cultural, emotional, spiritual,
mental, mystical, intrinsic, communicative, and cognitive dimensions. However, spirituality is the least
understood and most challenged dimension of health. The purpose of this study was to explore the concept
of spirituality.
Method: In a conventional content analysis, 10 participants of the Quran and Medicine Congress were
recruited. Data was collected with semi-structured interviews and narrative approach.
Results: We recognized one theme, i.e. multidimensional concept of spirituality and its aspects, and two
main subthemes, namely different perceptions of people about the concept of spirituality and various
aspects of spirituality.
Conclusion: Although this study provided a definition of spirituality and its dimensions, these concepts
are ambiguous and have unclear domains. Therefore, further investigations are necessary to differentiate
between aspects of spirituality.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61092120130601Experiences of Retired Nurses of Health Status during Retirement: A Content Analysisتبیین تجارب پرستاران بازنشسته از وضعیت سلامتی طی دوران بازنشستگی: تحلیل محتوا213290738ENMonirNobaharSemnan University of Medical SciencesFazlollahAhmadiTarbiat Modares University0000-0002-1961-7735FatemahAlhaniTarbiat Modares UniversityMasoodFallahi KhoshknabWelfare and Rehabilitation Sciences UniversityJournal Article20200708Introduction: Retirement is a crucial period of life. However, the necessity of paying attention to the
retired person’s health and needs is usually neglected. This study explored the experiences of retired
nurses of health status during retirement.
Method: This qualitative study used maximum variation sampling to select 23 retired nurses in Semnan
(Iran) during 2010-11. Semi-structured interviews with open questions were used to collect data. The
interviews were recorded and transcribed word by word. They were finally analyzed with content analysis.
Results: Helplessness was extracted as the main theme. It included subthemes of physical weakness,
emotional emptiness, inadequate social status, and desperation and trust in God.
Conclusion: The findings of this study explained the physical, mental, social, financial, and spiritual
aspects of health based on the experience of retired nurses. These factors emphasized the necessity of
attention to the health needs of the retired population by health authorities and planners. Obviously,
implementing appropriate interventions for supporting this group will promote the health of all retired
individuals in the community.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61092120130601Lived Experiences of Cardiac Pacemaker Patientsتجارب زیسته بیماران داری ضربان ساز دایم قلب: یک مطالعه کیفی334590739ENMahnazRakhshanShahid Beheshtee Medical sience university0000-0003-1687-5154ParkhidehHassaniShahid Beheshtee Medical sience university0000-0003-1687-5154TaherehAshktorabShahid Beheshtee Medical sience universityHamidAlavi MajdShahid Beheshtee Medical sience universityJournal Article20200708Introduction: Permanent cardiac pacemaker implantation, and introducing a foreign body into the heart, a
part of the human anatomy that symbolically represents emotions, may be considered a major life event.
Therefore, it is recommended that the healthcare team gain understanding of the experience of pacemaker
patients and present information based on patients’ experiences in order to actively involve the patients in
the administration and management of their illness process. The aim of this qualitative study is to explore
the patients' experiences of living with a permanent cardiac pacemaker.
Method: In this study, descriptive phenomenological method and the Colaizzi`s proposed stages were
used. Purposeful sampling of patients with single and dual chamber cardiac pacemakers was performed.
Overall, 13 interview sessions were held with 10 participants. The minimum duration of an interview was
35 minutes and the maximum 54 minutes. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews.
Results: The emerging themes according to the qualitative data are embedded in the Iranian socio-cultural
context. They consist of five themes: living with pacemaker, pacemaker identity, balance in control,
consequences and relief.
Conclusion: The findings of this study, as a small image of the large and complex world, can be used in
order to design and implement effective care for pacemaker patients. Having a clearer understanding of
these patients’ experiences will help healthcare workers to design supportive and caring programs that will
meet these patients’ needs more holistically.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61092120130601Physician-Patient Relationship: Ethnography of Multiple Patient Visits at Private Offices of Doctorsرابطه پزشک-بیمار: بوم شناسی معاینه گروهی بیماران در مطب خصوصی466190740ENMasoumehShafatiMohammad JavadZahediJournal Article20200708Introduction: The ways in which doctors and patients interact, have an incredible impact on the quality of
treatment and improvement of the disease. Although most researches agree on the impact of these
relationships on the quality of healthcare, not many researches and practical work have been done on this
very important field. Moreover, recently the multiple patient visit phenomenon (seeing several patients
simultaneously) at the doctor's offices, especially obstetricians, is becoming common, which is clearly far
from the ideal doctors-patient relationship patterns.
Method: In the current research the ethnographic qualitative approach has been used. For collecting data
qualitative method of participatory observation and for data analysis the procedure of theoretical coding
have been used. The target community is the women going to obstetricians' offices in Ahvaz, from which
28 cases of interactions between these patients and doctors have been chosen and observed through
judgment sampling.
Results: In the coding step the patients' verbal behavior in terms of 3 minor categories of asking
questions, expressing concerns, comments and suggestions are subcategories for the major category of
"patient participatory behavior". Furthermore, the doctor's verbal behavior is the main subcategory, and
encouraging the patients to talk more, and respecting the patients' ideas and beliefs are the secondary
subcategories of "doctor participatory behavior". Patients' and doctors' non-verbal behavior in the process
of interactions has been recorded and put in the final analysis through filling out the observation protocol,
and field notes.
Conclusion: According to the analysis of the obtained data, only a few doctor-patient interactions at the
studied doctors' offices were real evidence of participatory behavior. This behavior was observed far less
in offices with multiple patient visits than in other offices. Understanding biological, social, and cultural
aspects of the disease can affect the doctor’s communication with the patient. It can even help the doctor
in understanding the patients’ issues and mental or physical problems, reaching an accurate diagnosis of
the disease, and choosing appropriate and efficient treatment.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61092120130601The Experience of Widowed Head of the family during Role Transition: A Qualitative Studyتغییرنقش زنان بیوه سرپرست خانواده از تغییر نقش: مطالعه کیفی627590741EN1- ShahlaKhosravanGonabad University of Medical Sciences2- ShayestehSalehiIslamic Azad University-Khorasgan Branch,IsfahanFazlollahAhmadiIslamic Azad University-Khorasgan Branch,Isfahan0000-0002-1961-7735Mohammad RezaMansoorianGonabad University of Medical SciencesJournal Article20200708Introduction: Early widowhood causes an increase in stress and health risks in mothers. The objective of
this study was to investigate life experiences of these women regarding being the head of the household
and its consequences.
Method: In this descriptive, exploratory study in-depth interviews were held with 24 widowed parents
until achieving data saturation. The data were analyzed using the constant comparative method.
Results: The results of data analysis were classified into four main categories: acceptance of the
paradoxical identity of a guardian without a guardian, difficulties facing the female head of the household,
contexts of difficulties, and female weariness. The subcategories of each category were also determined.
Conclusion: The results indicate that lack of attention to widowed female head of the family, who
continued to care for their children voluntarily and often in stressful situations, will have negative
consequences. Therefore,, beside economical support, they also need the comprehensive support of their
family during the process of role transition. Moreover, they need the support of social welfare and social
healthcare delivery systems, especially community health nurses, in order to adapt positively to life after
the death of their spouse.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61092120130601Barriers to Developing the Nurse-Patient Relationship in Operation Room: A Qualitative Content Analysisعوامل بازدارنده ارتباط پرستار بیمار در اتاق عمل: آنالیز محتوای کیفی768990742ENFarahnazFarniaShahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences-Yazd, Iran Kerman university of medical sciencesAbbasAbaszadehKerman university of medical sciencesFaribaBorhaniKerman university of medical sciences0000-0002-8937-2649Journal Article20200708Introduction: Nurse–patient relationship is a fundamental element of nursing care. However, many
factors inhibit relationship development. The purpose in this study was to explore barriersto nurse-patient
relationship in theoperating room.
Method: A descriptive, qualitative study was conducted by means of semi-structured interviews with 16
participants (8 nurses, 7 patients,and 1 relative), and 14 field notes and observationsuntil data saturation.
The data were analyzed through conventional qualitative content analysis.
Results: The emergent theme was the "complex and dynamic nature of relationship development". This
themeconsisted of four main categories: "complexity of humanbehavior", "the nature of operating room
nurse’s job", "different conditions for creating a relationship", and "neglecting and marginalizing a
relationship".
Conclusion: This study provided a better understanding of nurse-patient relationship inhibitors in the
operation room an issue that is often neglected in quantitative studies. Based on the results of this study,
the development of policies and strategies to increase nurse-patient relationships in the operation rooms
are necessary.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61092120130601Important Coping Strategies Used by Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury: A Qualitative Studyاستراتژی تطابقی مهم مورد استفاده توسط مبتلایان به ضایعات نخاعی: یک مطالعه کیفی9010090743ENHassanBabamohamadiSemnan University of Medical SciencesRezaNegarandehTehran University of Medical SciencesNahidDehghan NayeriTehran University of Medical SciencesJournal Article20200708Introduction: Although it is an accepted fact that using coping strategies have an important role in the
coping process and quality of life following spinal cord injury (SCI), there is still little information about
this issue in the world and especially in Iran. The purpose of this study was to explore important coping
strategies used by Iranian patients with spinal cord injuries.
Method: 18 patients with SCI from The Brain and Spinal injury Repair Research Center of Tehran
University of Medical Sciences, and the Protection Center of the disabled with spinal cord injury were
interviewed deeply. Data were collected through recorded interviews, and concurrently analyzed using the
conventional content analysis method.
Results: Data analysis showed seeking help from religious beliefs (understanding the disease as a divine
fate and test, appeal to Imams, and increasing worship), to be an important coping strategy.
Conclusion: Understanding strategies that influence the patients’ coping with the SCI will contribute to
the nursing body of knowledge. It also helps nurses and other health-care professionals, and the patients’
families in reinforcing the most effective coping strategies and promoting the quality of care.