Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61097420180101Challenges in the Optimal Management of Human Resources in Hospitals: A Qualitative Studyچالشهای مدیریت بهینه منابع انسانی در بیمارستان: یک مطالعه کیفی34936091123ENMohammadKeshvariPhD Student, Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Management & Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranArashShirdelPhD Student, Department of Management and Health Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMasoudTaheri MirghaediPhD Student, Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Management & Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAli RezaYusefiDepartment of Health Services Management, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000-0001-8055-2064Journal Article20200824Introduction: Optimal management of human resources is considered as a basic and most fundamental principle of management of the health services because manpower is the most important organizational resources. The aim of this study was to identify the challenges in the optimal management of human resources in hospitals.
Method: This qualitative study was conducted in hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences and all experts who had sufficient knowledge of the human resources management programs were included. Nineteen participants were selected using non-probability purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data.
Results: Three major themes emerged: organizational, motivational, and knowledge-related factors. Organizational factors included lack of up-to-date job descriptions, staff recruitment through university and hospital constraints in the selection of employees, lack of the culture of team working and process attitudes, incomplete establishment of occupational health and safety, and deficiencies in the evaluation system. Motivational factors included absence of a performance-based pay system, lack of communication between evaluation and incentive systems, and lack of motivation and confidence of the staff in solving problems. Knowledge-related factors included old human resources and resistance to change, lack of knowledge, and non-learner hospital environment.
Conclusion: Clear job description, implementation of dynamic organizational culture, safe environmental conditions, performance-based pay system, and directing hospitals towards becoming learning organizations play an important role in reducing the challenges of human resources management.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61097420180101Explanation of Experiences and Emotional Reactions in Women Victims of Infidelity: A Qualitative Studyتبیین تجارب و واکنشهای عاطفی زنان قربانی بیوفایی همسر: یک مطالعه کیفی35537290905ENMohammad HassanAsayeshAllameh Tabataba'i UniversKiumarsFarahbakhshAllameh Tabataba'i University0000_0003_3829_1985HoseinSalimi BajestaniAliDelavarAllameh Tabataba'i UniversityJournal Article20200708Introduction: Infidelity as one of the main causes for divorce has very deleterious effects on family, mental health, and feelings of the victims. The purpose of this study was to identify and explain emotional experiences and reactions of women victims of infidelity.
Method: In this interpretative study with phenomenology method, study population consisted of women victims of infidelity in Shemiranat, Tehran City, Iran, in 2016. 18 women of 22-64 years who were victims of the infidelity were selected through purposive sampling and were investigated by a semi-structured interview. The data were analyzed using a thematic analysis method.
Results: The data analysis resulted in two main themes, 12 subthemes, and 61 initial concepts. As the first theme, ‘maladaptive emotional reactions’ consisted of subthemes as the feelings of separation from life (including feelings of sadness, frustration, and desire for death), separation from oneself (including inadequacy, and sense of abandonment), anger, hatred, cruelty, vulnerability, emotional confusion, fear and anxiety, numbness, and coldness. The second main theme was ‘adaptive emotional reactions’ consisting of subthemes as feelings of self-worth (including one’s own and spouse), compassion (including toward the spouse, and toward the rival), and attachment to the spouse (interest in the spouse, sense of their ownership, and their forgiveness).
Conclusion: The results showed that infidelity was a phenomenon not experienced similarly by all women victims. Based on social constructivists, different perceptions of women victims causing different patterns of reactions to infidelity in them. Given the fact that the findings have been elicited out of a native study, they may play a vital role in developing the intervention packages.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61097420180101Factors affecting futures Studies in hospitals: A Qualitative Studyمؤلفههای مؤثر بر آینده پژوهی بیمارستانها: یک مطالعه کیفی36137191124ENErfanehRahmanianMSc, Department of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran0000-0002-7548-4631MahmoodNekoei-MoghadamAssociate Professor, Department of Health Services Management, Health Services Management Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran0000-0003-1248-8755MohammadMardaniMSc Student, Department of Management Sciences and Health Economics, School of Public Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0001-6420-9338Journal Article20200824Introduction: Organizational futures studies is to inform managers in organizations about the future. This shows that a manager plays a pivotal role in shaping the ideal future for an organization and the challenges they face in this regard. This study aimed to identify factors that affect the futures studies in hospitals affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences.
Method: This qualitative study was undertaken using a content analysis method. Participants consisted of 10 managers and experts of futures studies and they were selected through purposive and snowball sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed with framework analysis method for theme development.
Results: Data analysis led to the development of six main themes, namely, “leadership”, "management", "training", "Policymaking", "creativity and innovation" and "organizational competition".
Conclusion: Given the uncertainty of the future and the necessity of sustaining the life of any organization, especially in the field of health, it seems essential that special attention be given to futures studies. On the way to promoting futures studies, required intellectual and cultural contexts in the form of designing appropriate training programs and actions based on knowledge are the essential elements in order to meet any sort of futures studies activities in the health sector.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61097420180101Changes in the Lifestyle from the Perspective of Hemodialysis Patients: Content Analysisتغییرات سبک زندگی از نگاه بیماران تحت همودیالیز: تحلیل محتوا37338490906ENMonirNobaharJournal Article20200708Introduction: lifestyle changes are one of the most important factors in promoting the capabilities and quality of life in patients undergoing hemodialysis. The aim of this study was to explore the lifestyle changes from the perspective of patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Method: Using qualitative content analysis approach, changes in lifestyle in patients undergoing hemodialysis were explored. Patients were being dialyzed for at least one year. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews. Purposeful sampling was gradually started based on codes and categories and continued until data saturation. Interviews were conducted with 20 participants. The duration of interviews was between 40 and 85 minutes. Data collection and analysis was performed simultaneously based on the five-step method of Granheim and Lundman. The accuracy and rigor of the research was secured using Lincoln and Guba criteria.
Results: Five themes reflecting the experiences of changes in lifestyle among the patients undergoing hemodialysis were extracted, "trying to follow the meal plan", "persistence in taking prescription drugs," "compromising with the change in sleep patterns," "coping with physical activity", and "maintaining the social and psychological independency".
Conclusion: The finding in this study explored the lifestyle changes in patients undergoing hemodialysis. The therapeutic team must support the patient to gain coping strategies and make essential changes in life style, and emphasize on admitting them effectively in everyday life.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61097420180101Good Clinical Instructor from the Perspective of Nursing Students: A Qualitative Studyاستاد بالینی خوب از دیدگاه دانشجویان پرستاری: یک مطالعه کیفی37238291125ENAzarDarvishpourAssistant Professor, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Midwifery and ParaMedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran0000-0002-2825-9685NazilaJavadi-PashakiAssistant Professor, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran0000-0002-5174-526XJournal Article20200824Introduction: As knowing the characteristics of a good teacher is important, various methods like students' perspectives are used to determine these characteristics. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of a good clinical instructor from the perspective of nursing students.
Method: This descriptive qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis. In this study, 18 senior nursing students were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview. Coding and data analysis were performed using MAXQDA 2007. To achieve the reliability and accuracy of the data, the Lincoln and Guba authenticity criteria were used.
Results: After analysis of the recorded interviews, 48 basic codes were obtained. Also, one theme called "professional competence" and six main categories including academic ability, clinical skills, communication skills, evaluation skills, personality, and educational management in the clinical setting were considered as characteristics of a good clinical instructor based on the participants’ perspectives.
Conclusion: The results of this study identified the characteristics of a good clinical instructor from the perspective of nursing students, which can help the authorities in successful and efficient educational planningKerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61097420180101Mothers’ Experiences of the Strategies Used to Gain Successful Exclusive Breastfeeding: A Qualitative Studyتبیین تجارب زنان موفق در تغذیه انحصاری با شیر مادر از استراتژیهای به کار گرفته شده این دوره: یک مطالعه کیفی38539990907ENZahraSabzinursing PhD. Graduate of Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University .Tehran, IranMonirehAnooshehDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of medical sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranEasaMohammadiProfessor, Department of Nursing, Faculty of medical sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranSusanParsayProfessor, Department of Public Health and Social Medicine, faculty member of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20200708Introduction: Effective and appropriate interventions used by nursing mothers in exclusive breast feeding, in accordance with existing conditions, can have a great effect on the maintenance, continuity and promotion of breastfeeding. So, identifying these successful strategies is essential to make future breast feeding health plans for mothers and infants, and to ensure exclusive breastfeeding.
Method: This was a qualitative study of conventional content analysis conducted in the year 2014. Participants included sixteen lactating mothers of kids up to one year old, and of successful experience in exclusive breastfeeding, who have refereed to health centers in Golestan and Mazandaran universities of medical sciences, Iran. Their experiences on the strategies used successfully in the first six months of exclusive breastfeeding were collected through unstructured and in-depth interviews. Sampling was purposive and was continued until reaching data saturation. The study data were analyzed using constant comparison analysis technique.
Results: Eight main themes related to the nature and dimensions of mothers’ understanding of the strategies used to gain successful exclusive breastfeeding were extracted. These themes were as “comfortable and pleasant preparation before breastfeeding”, “information from reliable sources”, “lifestyle adjustment to breastfeeding”, “intelligent resiliency”, “resolutions for infant’s reluctance in breastfeeding”, “strengthening and ensuring the adequacy of milk and lactation”, “breast care during breastfeeding”, and “the use of religious instructions”.
Conclusion: It is recommended to consider the role and eminence of mothers, and their successful strategies and guidelines related to successful exclusive breastfeeding seriously in codification of health care policies.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61097420180101Assessment of Children’s Experiences of Playing Computer Games: A Phenomenological Approachتجارب کودکان از بازیهای رایانهای: رویکردی پدیدارشناسانه38339491126ENOmidEbrahimiYoung Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran0000-0001-6627-2891EskandarFathiazarProfessor, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Department of Psychology, Tabriz University, Tabriz, IranYousefAdibProfessor, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Department of Psychology, Tabriz University, Tabriz, IranJournal Article20200824Introduction: Due to the Attraction and enormous diversity of computer games, children and adolescents allocate a notable part of their time and energy to play these games. This necessitates the study of their Advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, the aim of this study was to represent the outcomes of playing computer games in the fourth grade students.
Method: This is a qualitative and phenomenological study. In this study, 10 students were selected from the forth grade elementary students using purposive sampling and interviewed in-depth until data saturation was achieved. Data were coded and analyzed manually using Smith and MAXQDA 10 software.
Results: The findings were categorized into four main themes: "physical outcomes, psychological outcomes, social outcomes, and educational outcomes" and 17 sub-themes.
Conclusion: Students' experiences showed that playing computer games for a long time and without parental supervision, has various adverse outcomes, therefore, schools and families can significantly prevent such outcomes by supervision and planning.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61097420180101Identification of Effective Dimensions and Factors on Improving Patient Relationship Management Strategy in Kerman City Hospitals, Iran: A Qualitative Studyشناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر مدیریت ارتباط با بیمار در بیمارستانهای آموزشی شهر کرمان: یک مطالعه کیفی40041390908ENMahmoodNekoie-moghadamProfessor, Department of Health in Disaster Management, Research Center for Health Services Management, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran,0000-0000-0000-0000MohammadrezaAmiresmailiAssociate Professor, Department of Health Care Management, Research Center for Health Services Management, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran,0000-0001-6842-9389VidaKardan-moghadamMSc in Health Services Management, Research Center for Health Services Management, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran,YunesJahaniAssistant Professor, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran0000-0002-6808-7101Journal Article20200708Introduction: The patient relationship management is a comprehensive strategy of reception, preservation, and cooperation of customers and gaining information about them as much as possible to create increased value for both the organization and customer. Achieving this goal in hospitals increases patient satisfaction, trust, and commitment. Therefore, this study aimed to determin the dimensions and affecting factors in boosting patient relationship management strategies in Kerman City hospitals, Iran, in 2015.
Method: This functional qualitative-correlation study was conducted through phenomenological method in the city of Kerman. The research participants were 15 male and female managers, experts, physitions, assistants, nurses, and scholars in the field of healthcare and treatment, and also patients and their companies in public and private hospitals in Kerman City.
Results: The six dimensions of “identifying and attracting the patient”, “patient participation”, “patient confrontation”, “patient empowerment”, “understanding patient’s expectation”, and “patient relationship” were identified as general criteria of patient relationship management in hospitals.
Conclusion: Regarding the results, familiarization of hospital managers with the importance of the issue of patient relationship management must be conducted by Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Provision and operationalization of practical and theoretical guidelines for the implementation of patient relationship management strategies in three domains of staffs, equipment, and procedures are suggested.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61097420180101The Ideal Status and Expectations of the Gifted and Talented Students: A Qualitative Studyتبیین وضعیت موجود و انتظارات دانشجویان استعدادهای درخشان: یک مطالعه کیفی39540691127ENZahraCheraghi- Assistant Professor, Modeling of Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, IranSaharnazNedjatProfessor, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranParvinPasalarProfessor, PhD, School of Medical, Department of Biochemistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranValiBaygiMSc, Ph.D. Student, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranNegarSadat AhmadiMedical Student, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20200824Introduction: Gifted and talented students are the main customers and driving force of the education system, therefore, the existence of a permanent mechanism based on their demands, expectations, and problems seems necessary to improve the education system.
Method: This qualitative study was done using conventional content analysis. The participants were 23 gifted and talented students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, in 2016. Sampling was performed using convenience sampling by the brilliant talent center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire.
Results: In this study, 23 interviews were conducted. Finally, 118 themes remained in two main categories (factors affecting talented students' satisfaction and the ways to prevent brain drain). Poor teaching methods and lack of educational resources were the most important educational problems. Weak management and lack of research funding were the most important research problems. In the students' point of view, improvement of teaching status and organization of human resources management are the most important priorities for the preservation of the elite forces.
Conclusion: The results of this study that are consistent with the results of domestic and International studies, emphasize the importance of paying special attention to the expectations and demands of gifted and talented students. In addition to the educational, research and welfare services problems, socio-economic problems were also identified as a cause of brain drain.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61097420180101Bam, Iran, Earthquake Experiences, Life Suddenly Collapse in a Few Seconds: A Qualitative Studyتجربه زلزله بم، فروپاشی ناگهانی زندگی در چند ثانیه: یک مطالعه کیفی41442690909ENZohrehGhomianShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-3644-7379AliKhodadadizadehRafsanjan University of Medical Sciences (RUMS)KatayounJahangiriShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranSadeghYousef NezhadShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20200708Introduction: Since Iran is accident-prone, paying attention to the issue of crisis, particularly earthquake, is very important. On Friday, December 26, 2003 at 5:26 a.m., a devastating earthquake converted Bam City, Iran, and its surrounding villages to the mound of soil. In this study, we surveyed the impact of the earthquake on the lives of people who experienced earthquake. Because the knowledge of prevention, preparedness, and appropriate response for earthquakes and other disasters can be achieved only through the experiences of people who had a perception of these disasters.
Method: This article was part of a content analysis qualitative study conducted from December to March, 2015 in the Bam city. Purposeful sampling method used and continued until code completion and data saturation. To collect the data semi-structured interviews were used.
Results: Of 10 participants in this study, 50% (5 participants) were women and 50% (5 participants) were men. Mean age of participants was 39.70 ± 13.07 years. The mean duration of the interviews was
51.30 ± 10.86 minutes. One of the main themes emerging from the interviews was “the sudden collapse of life in a few seconds”.
Conclusion: Based on interviews, the essence of life suddenly collapse was achieved. It represents the value of qualitative studies on understanding problems of victims and survivors of natural disasters, especially earthquake. It is hoped that real aspects of the crisis on the lives of survivors be achieved and used in planning timely and accurate crisis management based on the real needs of injured people.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61097420180101Diabetic Patients’ Experience of Coping with Diabetes Mellitus: A Grounded Theory Studyتبیین تجربه بیماران دیابتی از شیوههای مقابله با بیماری: مطالعه گراندد تئوری40741791128ENFatemehEbrahimi SadrabadiPhD Student, Humboldt University of Berlin, GermanyMasoudMirzaeiProfessor, Yazd Cardiovascular Research Centre, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran0000-0001-6455-0747Journal Article20200824Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease with high prevalence in the world and Iran. Uncontrolled DM puts financial pressure on health system and society. It also affects patients physically and mentally, and changes their social relationship with others. In spite of advances in DM control, there is only a little information regarding patients’ experience of living with DM and coping with this disease in Iran. This study aimed to explore diabetic patients’ experience of coping with DM.
Method: This qualitative study was conducted using grounded theory and semi-structured interviews in Yazd, Iran, in 2013. Fifteen diabetic patients (8 females and 7 males) were selected using purposive sampling. Recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using Strauss and Corbin method simultaneous with data collection. Guba and Lincoln criteria were used to ensure credibility of the findings.
Results: In this study, 73 primary codes, 22 primary categories, and 7 main categories for strategies of coping with DM were extracted. The categories include: perceived problem, trust in treatment recommendations, ability to predict prognosis, subjective theory, family support, comorbidities and life events. According to diabetic patients’ experience of living with DM, these factors have a key role in coping with diabetes.
Conclusion: According to the results, the coping strategy of diabetic patients is a correlated, dynamic, complex, and constant concept influenced by the factors affecting diabetic patients and the disease. On the one hand, trust in treatment recommendations and ability to predict prognosis, and on the other hand, life events and family support affect coping strategies for diabetes. The findings of this study can help health policy makers to introduce interventions and educational programs to improve DM control. Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61097420180101The Double Pressure of Life, the Main Outcome of Divorce on Women: A Qualitative Studyفشار مضاعف زندگی، پیامد اصلی طلاق در زنان: یک مطالعه کیفی42743690910ENAsrafAskaribagbaniSeyd RezaJavdiyan0000-0001-9352-2120Journal Article20200708Introduction: Marriage is an important vital event which from social point of view is known as a firm relationship between a man and a woman. Sometimes marriage does not last so much and results in divorce. Usually after separation, divorced woman do not like to marry again which this subject has many problems and results. So, this research was done to study these problems and results.
Method: This was a qualitative research in the kind of grounded theory. The study population was the society of divorced women in ages of 20 to 45 years old covered by Yazd City, Iran, Imam Khomeini Emdad Committee, of which, 25 persons were selected using aimed sampling method. The method of collecting data was semi-structured interviews which was recorded, rewritten, and analyzed the content with the agreement of them.
Results: 27 contents and 10 topics (basic topics) were extracted. The topics included “low income and financial problems”, “continuous occupation”, “loneliness and seclusion”, “relationship limitations”, “inconvenience of others in the society and working environment”, “offering friendship and temporary marriage”, “family reproach and object of the behaviors”, “family pressure for remarriage”, “lack of father's kindness”, and “non-investigation of children's training”. The topic of “life pressure” became a fundamental topic.
Conclusion: Not getting remarriage and the lonely lives of divorced women create many problems and results. These problems like links reinforce each other and place the women in double pressure. So, remaking the psychic, social, and economic subjects for divorced woman after separation and forcing them to remarriage is suggested to reduce the result and outcomes.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61097420180101The Effective Factors on the Formation of Scrap Learning in In-Service Training: A qualitative studyعوامل مؤثر بر شکلگیری یادگیری زائد در آموزشهای ضمن خدمت: یک مطالعه کیفی41842791129ENAdibehBarshanPh.D. Department of Methods and Curriculum and Educational Programs, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranSaeidSafai MovahedAssistant Professor, Department of Methods and Curriculum and Educational Programs, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranVali AllahFarzadProfessor, Department of General Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Central Branch, Tehran, IranAlirezaKiamaneshProfessor, Department of Counseling, Tehran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, IranAliMoghadam Zadeh- Assistant Professor, Department of Methods and Curriculum and Educational Programs, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20200824Introduction: In training courses, all the materials learned will not always be transmitted to the workplace because of some effective factors. The aim of this study was to determine the effective factors on the formation of scrap learning in in-service training.
Method: This descriptive qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The participants were all employees and workers of the copper industry in Kerman province. According to the data saturation level, 16 of them were selected using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The validity of the research findings was confirmed using assessment methods by members and multi-stratified data sources.
Results: The effective factors on the formation of scrap learning were classified into three categories: individual factors (attitude, learner readiness, professional ethics, and motivation), organizational factors (organizational support and working environment conditions), and educational factors (need assessment and evaluation, training strategies, and content of the course).
Conclusion: Regardless of the attitude, motivation, and professional ethics of the participants, the lack of attention to their readiness for learning, lack of necessary support, lack of facilities and equipment, lack of attention to the employees' needs, and the results of evaluations are the most important factors that prohibit the application of the materials learned in the workplace.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61097420180101Explain Siblings’ Lived Experiences in Living with Individuals with Intellectual Disability: A Phenomenological Approachتبیین تجارب زیسته همشیرها در زندگی با افراد مبتلا به ناتوانی هوشی: رویکردی پدیدارشناسانه43744890911ENAhmadSharifi Ardaniunivercite of Isfahan0000-0001-7180-2690AmirGhamaraniunivercite of Isfahan0000-0002-0012-0753MohamadMadhiunivercite of IsfahanMohamadHossinalizadeunivercite of Isfahan0000-0000-0000-0000HojatPirzadiAllameh Tabatabaey univercityJournal Article20200708Introduction: Living with individuals suffering from intellectual disability in families engenders particular concerns, worries, and challenges for siblings. The aim of the present study was to access siblings’ lived experiences in living with individuals with intellectual disability.
Method: This study was conducted employing a qualitative method, using the lived experienced technique, and via in-depth interviewing on 9 siblings with intellectual disability selected via purposive sampling method. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using Colaizzi’s nine-step analysis method.
Results: Findings obtained from siblings’ experiences of living with individuals suffering from intellectual disability were summarized into 6 themes of “fear of the future”, “family turmoil”, “negative emotions”, “positive emotions”, “discrimination between siblings” and “social stigma”, and 9 sub-themes which were coded in the form of subgroups of 6 main themes.
Conclusion: These findings can provide information for identifying problems, significance, and adoption of supportive and medical strategies for siblings of individuals with intellectual disability to improve their psychological health.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61097420180101Explanation of Emotional Schemas (ESs) on Social Relationship in Students with Physical Disability: A Qualitative Studyتبیین طرحوارههای هیجانی (ESs) در روابط اجتماعی دانشآموزان کمتوان جسمی: یک مطالعه کیفی42844091130ENDanaMohammad AminzadehMSc, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Allameh Tabataba'i, Tehran, IranSomayehKazemianAssistant Professor, Department of counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, university of Allameh Tabataba'i, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-8263-9726MasoumehEsmaeilyAssociate Professor Department of counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Allameh Tabataba'i, Tehran, IranJournal Article20200824Introduction: Social relationship play an important role in improving the quality of life and promoting mental health and affects physical health and psychological well-being so that people through it, establish their identity and integrate themselves into society. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explain emotional schemas (ESs) on social relationship in students with physical disability.
Method: In this qualitative study, 15 high school students with physical disability were included. Data were collected using purposive sampling method and until data saturation, when the code and new classes were not obtained, the data collection process continued. Information were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews in compliance with the confidentiality of information and participants have the right to withdraw from the study at any time. Totally, 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted. The interviews were recorded, and then, analyzed using thematic analysis.
Results: The findings were categorized into 14 sub-themes and 4 main themes including: intrapersonal emotion-focused coping strategies, interpersonal emotion-focused coping strategies, intrapersonal cognitive-focused coping strategies, and interpersonal cognitive-focused coping strategies.
Conclusion: According to the experience of the participants, it was revealed that these people use emotion-focused and cognitive-focused coping strategies, interpersonally and interpersonally, to communicate with others.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61097420180101Spiritual Coping against the Desire of Re-using Drugمقابله معنوی معتادان بهبود یافته در برابر میل به مصرف مجدد مواد مخدر44946090912ENKobraVaeziMasodFalahikoskabJournal Article20200708Introduction: Through recognizing spiritual coping strategies against the desire of re-using drug among ex-addicts, their empowerment in facing the desire of re-using drugs can be improved. This study aimed to explore some spiritual coping methods against the desire of re-using drug among ex-addicts.
Method: This study was done based on the qualitative method and contract content analysis. The participants were 18 ex-addicted men selected through a targeted sampling method, which were in different periods of drug withdrawal. Data collection was done through semi-structural interviews; and the data were analyzed using the method of Graneheim and Lundman.
Results: The theme of spiritual-bases coping with three main categories of "spiritual beliefs", "supportive-based resources", and "spiritual evolutions" was specified as spiritual coping strategy against the desire of re-using drug.
Conclusion: Considering the efficacy of spiritual coping against the desire of re-using drug among ex-addicts, it is necessary for social workers to strengthen spirituality and spiritual beliefs in these patients as an impediment tool to improve their supporting programs.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61097420180101Practical Components of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Weight Loss in Women: Directed Qualitative Content Analysisمؤلفههای کاربردی درمان شناختی- رفتاری برای کاهش وزن در زنان: تحلیل محتوای کیفی جهتدار46147690913ENSheydaDibaeiTarbiat Modares UniversityMaria AgiularVafaeiTarbiat Modares UniversityMasoudJanbozorgiResearch Institute of Hawzah & UniversityKazemRasoolzade TabatabaeiTarbiat Modares UniversityEmadAsrafiMojganAgah HerisPayam e Noor University, GarmsarAnahitaHossein PourScience & Culture UniversityJournal Article20200708Introduction: In recent decades, cognitive-behavioral programs for reducing weight have had remarkable success. Generally, in these programs, many components are involved which lengthen the duration of therapy, and also it is not clear which one of the components is more practical for individuals. The present research attempted to answer the question regarding which components of cognitive-behavioral therapy were more practical in peoples’ everyday life for keeping the lost weight or losing weight.
Method: This was a qualitative study based on directed content analysis. A purposeful sampling procedure was used which aimed at women who had undergone cognitive-behavioral therapy for weight loss, and who were able to keep their weight loss or had lost more weight at least 6 months after therapy. The semi-structured interviewing by cognitive-behavioral psychotherapist specialized in weight loss was ended with 18 people of these participants. Primary coding was done deductively based on Cooper and colleagues’ program for cognitive-behavioral therapy for weight loss. In addition, final components were approved by a matched group of women not in the sample, and by cognitive-behavioral psychotherapist specialized in weight loss.
Results: From 35 primary components which were extracted deductively from the cognitive-behavioral protocol, only 17 components were approved by individual women who had undergone cognitive-behavioral therapy; such that the majority of these women reported using most of these 17 components in their everyday lives, or evaluated them as highly important and practical for losing weight during therapy.
Conclusion: The findings indicate that among many components involved in cognitive-behavioral therapy, only part of them are executed and practical, and that the rest of methods or components are forgotten or are not used. Therefore, it seems possible to focus cognitive-behavioral therapy on most practical components.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61097420180101Explanation of Factors Influencing Divorced Woman's Adjustment after Divorce: A Qualitative Studyتبیین عوامل مؤثر در سازگاری پس از طلاق در زنان مطلقه: یک پژوهش کیفی47749290914ENMohsenNazarifarMansorSodaniRezaKojastehmehrHmidFarhadiradJournal Article20200708Introduction: Divorce affects all aspects of life of each individual involved, especially women. Meanwhile, woman whom get better post-divorce adjustment have greater physical and mental health. This study aimed to identify and explain factors influencing divorced woman’s adjustment after divorce.
Method: In this study, a qualitative research method based on content analysis was used. 19 divorced woman were selected using purposive-volunteer sampling. The data were gathered through semi-structured interviews until reached up to full saturation.
Results: Data analysis discovered a main category named “adjustment after divorce”. This category consisted of 10 components as subcategories included “help and support by family and friends”, “attitudes and religious beliefs”, “patience and forgiveness”, “job and professional skills”, “problem solving skills”, “financial resource management”, “social relations and entertainment”, “children the origins of resistance”, “counseling and professional helps”, “reinterpretation”, and “turning to an independent person”.
Conclusion: This study helps family and divorce experts and practitioners to explore and identify factors contributing to the adjustment after divorce that by arranging suitable programs helps divorced woman to reach adjustment after divorce. In addition, all responsible organizations may use this results as well as educational and medical centers to help adjusting divorced women and reducing divorce damages.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences2645-61097420180101Criteria of Validity and Reliability in Qualitative Researchمعیارهای اعتبار و پایایی در پژوهشهای کیفی49349990915ENRafatRezapour NasrabadShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesJournal Article20200708Introduction: Today, with emerging qualitative methodology, questions about the validity and reliability in qualitative research findings have raised. According to different views about validity and reliability of qualitative research, this study aimed to determine the main criteria of validity and reliability in qualitative research from the view pointes of experts groups.
Method: In this cross-sectional descriptive research, internet scientific search was done in national and international valid databases including Irandoc, PubMed, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, and Thomson Reuters Web of Science using keywords about the validity and reliability of qualitative research. The articles focusing on the validity and reliability in qualitative research in the area of health and hygiene during the years after 2002 were extracted and assessed.
Results: A total of 25 research and review articles, and other resources related to reliability and validity of qualitative research since 2002 were extracted and assessed. There were variety of methods, and interpretive viewpoints about the validity and reliability of qualitative researches. Evaluation methods to gain credibility and reliability in qualitative researches depended on researchers' ontological, epistemological, and theoretical attitudes and insights.
Conclusion: Any researcher depending on his/her theoretical insights selects a separated method to assess the reliability of their qualitative researches. The reliability and validity in qualitative researches depend on asking principle questions about the nature of research, recognition of it, the logic governing it, and the trustworthiness of results.