Journal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences

Authors

1 Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

2 Ahmadi Nursing Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

3 , Department of psychiatry ,faculty of medicine ,shahid Beheshti university of Medical Sciences and health Services. Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Introduction: Given the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) and its impact on couples, and lack of treatment seeking, this study has been conducted to investigate men's treatment interventions for ED from their spouses’ view point. Method: This is a qualitative study. Purposeful sampling was performed among women in health centers affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, and a family health center and continued until data saturation. In addition, 16 in-depth unstructured interviews were performed. Conventional qualitative content analysis and constant comparison were performed simultaneous to collecting data. The inclusion criterion of the study was at least 6 months experience of erectile dysfunction of the husband. Results: Disregard for treatment was one of the main themes and was formed from the integration of the categories of decrease in sexual relationship attractiveness, masculine attitude, and disability in having sex. Confusion in treatment was the other theme which was formed from integration of the categories of the wife’s view of erectile dysfunctions, couple intervention treatment, and treatment expectation. Conclusion: Dominance of men, and women’s passive reaction or incorrect behavior is an effective factor in lack of treatment seeking. Counseling with the partner, on the interaction method with spouse, improves the treatment seeking process for men.

Keywords

1. Eardley I. The Incidence, Prevalence, and Natural History of Erectile Dysfunction. Sexual Medicine Reviews. 2013;1(1):3-16. 2. Cuzin B, Cour F, Bousquet P-J, Bondil P, Bonierbale M, Chevret-Measson M, et al. Guidelines for general practitioners for first-line management of erectile dysfunction (updated 2010). Sexologies. 2011;20(1):23-35. 3. El-Sakka A. Characteristics of erectile dysfunction in Saudi patients. International journal of impotence research. 2004;16(1):13-20. 4. DeRogatis LR, Burnett AL. The epidemiology of sexual dysfunctions. The journal of sexual medicine. 2008;5(2):289-300. 5. Riley A. The role of the partner in erectile dysfunction and its treatment. International journal of impotence research. 2002;14:105-9. 6. Qaseem A, Snow V, Denberg TD, Casey DE, Forciea MA, Owens DK, et al. Hormonal testing and pharmacologic treatment of erectile dysfunction: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Annals of internal medicine. 2009;151(9):639-49. 7. Safarinejad M. Prevalence and risk factors for erectile dysfunction in a population-based study in Iran. International journal of impotence research. 2003;15(4):246-52. 8. Rosen R, Seidman S, Menza M, Shabsigh R, Roose S, Tseng L, et al. Quality of life, mood, and sexual function: a path analytic model of treatment effects in men with erectile dysfunction and depressive symptoms. International journal of impotence research. 2004;16(4):334-40. 9. Fisher WA, Eardley I, Mccabe M, Sand M. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a shared sexual concern of couples II: association of female partner characteristics with male partner ED treatment seeking and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor utilization. The journal of sexual medicine. 2009;6(11):3111-24. 10. Althof SE. Quality of life and erectile dysfunction. Urology. 2002;59(6):803-10. 11. Chevret M, Jaudinot E, Sullivan K, Marrel A, GENDRE AS. Impact of erectile dysfunction (ED) on sexual life of female partners: assessment with the Index of Sexual Life (ISL) questionnaire. Journal of sex & marital therapy. 2004;30(3):157-72. 12. Safarinejad M. Female sexual dysfunction in a population-based study in Iran: prevalence and associated risk factors. International Journal of Impotence Research. 2006;18(4):382-95. 13. Fisher WA, Meryn S, Sand M, Brandenburg U, Buvat J, Mendive J, et al. Communication about erectile dysfunction among men with ED, partners of men with ED, and physicians: the Strike Up a Conversation Study (Part I). The journal of men's health & gender. 2005;2(1):64-78. 14. Fisher WA, Meryn S, Sand M. Communication about erectile dysfunction among men with ED, partners of men with ED, and physicians: the Strike Up a Conversation study (Part II). The journal of men's health & gender. 2005;2(3):309. e1-. e12. 15. Shabsigh R, Perelman MA, Laumann EO, Lockhart DC. Drivers and barriers to seeking treatment for erectile dysfunction: a comparison of six countries. BJU international. 2004;94(7):1055-65. 16. Althof SE, Eid JF, Talley DR, Brock GB, Dunn ME, Tomlin ME, et al. Through the eyes of women: The partners’ perspective on tadalafil. Urology. 2006;68(3):631-5. 17. Hackett G, Kell P, Ralph D, Dean J, Price D, Speakman M, et al. British Society for Sexual Medicine guidelines on the management of erectile dysfunction. The journal of sexual medicine. 2008;5(8):1841-65. 18. McCabe MP, Matic H. Erectile dysfunction and relationships: Views of men with erectile dysfunction and their partners. Sexual and relationship therapy. 2008;23(1):51-60. 19. Ralph D, Eardley I, Kell P, Dean J, Hackett G, Collins O, et al. Improvement in erectile function on vardenafil treatment correlates with treatment satisfaction in both patients and their partners. BJU international. 2007;100(1):130-6. 20. Tan HM, Low WY, Ng CJ, Chen KK, Sugita M, Ishii N, et al. Prevalence and correlates of erectile dysfunction (ED) and treatment seeking for ED in Asian men: the Asian Men's Attitudes to Life Events and Sexuality (MALES) study. The journal of sexual medicine. 2007;4(6):1582-92. 21. Segraves RT ، Balon R Introduction treatment of sexual disorders in the 21th century. Chapter 1 in Hand Book of Sexual Dysfunction; Edited by Balon RSegraves RTTaylor & Francis Grap. 2005:pp:2-4. 22. Fisher WA, Rosen RC, Eardley I, Sand M, Goldstein I. Sexual experience of female partners of men with erectile dysfunction: the female experience of men's attitudes to life events and sexuality (FEMALES) study. The journal of sexual medicine. 2005;2(5):675-84. 23. Rubio‐Aurioles E, Sand M, Terrein‐Roccatti N, Dean J, Longworth J, Eardley I, et al. Female assessment of male erectile dysfunction detection scale (FAME): development and validation. The journal of sexual medicine. 2009;6(8):2255-70. 24. Vahid-Vahdat S, Yousefi-Nooraie R, Raisi F, Bayay Z, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Basirnia A, et al. Systematic Review of Prevalence of Sexual Disorders in Iran. 2007. 25. Rahmani A, Khoei EM, Gholi LA. Sexual satisfaction and its relation to marital happiness in Iranians. Iranian Journal of Public Health. 2009;38(4). 26. Revolution. HCoC. Family principles, objectives, principles and policies to strengthen families and excellence of its 564 meeting dated 07.04.1384 passed by the High Council of Cultural Revolution. 1384 27. Khamseh.A.. A study on the sexual behavior and gender role stereotypes of the married college student in Iran :comparing sexual behavior if female and male students in the family Journal of Family research. 2007;8(2):339-25 (In Persian). 28. Graneheim UH, Lundman B. Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse education today. 2004;24(2):105-12. 29. Elo S, Kyngäs H. The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of advanced nursing. 2008;62(1):107-15. 30. Umberson D. Gender, marital status and the social control of health behavior. Social science & medicine. 1992;34(8):907-17. 31. Mercer C, Fenton K, Johnson A, Copas A, Macdowall W, Erens B, et al. Who reports sexual function problems? Empirical evidence from Britain’s 2000 National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles. Sexually transmitted infections. 2005;81(5):394-9. 32. Ashdown BK, Hackathorn J, Clark EM. In and out of the bedroom: Sexual satisfaction in the marital relationship. Journal of Integrated Social Sciences. 2011;2(1):38-55. 33. Dean J, Rubio‐Aurioles E, McCabe M, Eardley I, Speakman M, Buvat J, et al. Integrating partners into erectile dysfunction treatment: improving the sexual experience for the couple. International journal of clinical practice. 2008;62(1):127-33. 34. Shabsigh R, Anastasiades A, Cooper KL, Rutman MP. Female sexual dysfunction, voiding symptoms and depression: common findings in partners of men with erectile dysfunction. World journal of urology. 2006;24(6):653-6. 35. Rosen RC, Fisher WA, Eardley I, Niederberger C, Nadel A, Sand M. The multinational Men's Attitudes to Life Events and Sexuality (MALES) study: I. Prevalence oSf erectile dysfunction and related health concerns in the general population. Current Medical Research and Opinion®. 2004;20(5):607-17. 36. Gerster S, Günzler C, Roesler C, Leiber C, Berner M. Treatment motivation of men with ED: what motivates men with ED to seek professional help and how can women support their partners&quest. International journal of impotence research. 2012;25(2):56-62. 37. McCabe M, Conaglen H, Conaglen J, O'Connor E. Motivations for seeking treatment for ED: the woman's perspective. International journal of impotence research. 2009;22(2):152-8. 38. Low W, Zulkifli S, Wong Y, Tan H. What Malaysian women believe about Viagra: a qualitative inquiry. The Aging Male. 2002;5(1):57-63. 39. Mita K, Kakehashi M, Hasegawa Y, Inoue Y, Shigeta M, Matsubara A, et al. Lack of information underlies women's perceptions of erectile dysfunction (ED) drugs in Japan. The journal of sexual medicine. 2008;5(12):2808-15. 40. Althof SE, Rubio-Aurioles E, Kingsberg S, Zeigler H, Wong DG, Burns P. Impact of tadalafil once daily in men with erectile dysfunction—Including a report of the partners' evaluation. Urology. 2010;75(6):1358-63. 41. Goldstein I, Fisher W, Sand M, Rosen R, Mollen M, Brock G, et al. Women's sexual function improves when partners are administered vardenafil for erectile dysfunction: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The journal of sexual medicine. 2005;2(6):819. 42. McCabe M, Althof SE, Assalian P, Chevret‐Measson M, Leiblum SR, Simonelli C, et al. Psychological and interpersonal dimensions of sexual function and dysfunction. The journal of sexual medicine. 2010;7(1pt2):327-36. 43. Corona G, Bandini E, Fisher A, Elisa M, Boddi V, Balercia G, et al. Psychobiological correlates of women's sexual interest as perceived by patients with erectile dysfunction. The journal of sexual medicine. 2010;7(6):2174-83. 44. Montorsi F, Adaikan G, Becher E, Giuliano F, Khoury S, Lue TF, et al. Summary of the recommendations on sexual dysfunctions in men. The journal of sexual medicine. 2010;7(11):3572-88.