1. Roskin J, Aveyard P. Canadian and English students' beliefs about waterpipe smoking: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health. 2009;9(1):10.
2. Noonan D, Kulbok PA. New tobacco trends: waterpipe (hookah) smoking and implications for healthcare providers. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners. 2009;21(5):258-60.
3. Erbaydar NP, Bilir N, Yildiz AN. Knowledge, behaviors and health hazard perception among Turkish narghile (waterpipe)-smokers related to narghile smoking. Pak J Med Sci. 2010;26:195-200.
4. Beaglehole R, Bonita R. Global public health: a scorecard. The Lancet. 2008;372(9654):1988-96.
5. Taha AZ, Sabra AA, Al-Mustafa ZZ, Al-Awami HR, Al-Khalaf MA, Al-Momen MM. Water pipe (shisha) smoking among male students of medical colleges in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia. Annals of Saudi medicine. 2010;30(3):222.
6. Maziak W. The global epidemic of waterpipe smoking. Addictive behaviors. 2011;36(1):1-5.
7. Anjum Q, Ahmed F, Ashfaq T. Knowledge, attitude and perception of water pipe smoking (Shisha) among adolescents aged 14-19 years. JPMA The journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. 2008;58(6):312.
8. Poyrazoglu S, Sarli S, Gencer Z, Günay O. Waterpipe (narghile) smoking among medical and non-medical university students in Turkey. Upsala journal of medical sciences. 2010;115(3):210-6.
9. Salameh P, Waked M, Aoun Z. Waterpipe smoking: construction and validation of the Lebanon Waterpipe Dependence Scale (LWDS-11). Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 2008;10(1):149-58.
10. Almerie M, Matar H, Salam M, Morad A, Abdulaal M, Koudsi A, et al. Cigarettes & waterpipe smoking among medical students in Syria: a cross-sectional study. The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease: the official journal of the International :union: against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2008;12(9):1085.
11. momenan A SZ, Etemadi A, azizi F, . Pattern of Waterpipe using in Adolescence in Tehran. Paiesh. 1386;2:134-5.
12. Creswell JW. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches: Sage Publications, Incorporated; 2013.
13. Corbin J, Strauss A. Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory: Sage; 2008.
14. Joe S, Canetto SS, Romer D. Advancing prevention research on the role of culture in suicide prevention. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior. 2008;38(3):354-62.
15. Ahmadi nk. Relationship between Religious beliefs and Cultural Vulnerability in the family. Journal of Behaivoral Sciences. 1386;1:7-16.
16. Yang LH, Kleinman A, Link BG, Phelan JC, Lee S, Good B. Culture and stigma: adding moral experience to stigma theory. Social Science & Medicine. 2007;64(7):1524-35.
17. Azab M, Khabour OF, Alkaraki AK, Eissenberg T, Alzoubi KH, Primack BA. Water pipe tobacco smoking among university students in Jordan. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 2010;12(6):606-12.
18. Khor PY, Harun N, Ishak F, Anuar NAIM, Karim NA, Azman A, et al. Contributory factors to the smoking of shisha among teenagers in the Perak City of Ipoh: A Preliminary qualitative survey. International Journal of Public Health Research. 2012;2(1):80-4.
19. Combrink A, Irwin N, Laudin G, Naidoo K, Plagerson S, Mathee A. High prevalence of hookah smoking among secondary school students in a disadvantaged community in Johannesburg. SAMJ: South African Medical Journal. 2010;100(5):297-9.
20. Vanderhoek AJ, Hammal F, Chappell A, Wild TC, Raupach T, Finegan BA. Future physicians and tobacco: an online survey of the habits, beliefs and knowledge base of medical students at a Canadian University. Tobacco induced diseases. 2013;11(1):9.
21. Shihadeh A, Azar S, Antonios C, Haddad A. Towards a topographical model of narghile water-pipe café smoking: a pilot study in a high socioeconomic status neighborhood of Beirut, Lebanon. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 2004;79(1):75-82.
22. Aljarrah K, Ababneh ZQ, Al-Delaimy WK. Perceptions of hookah smoking harmfulness: predictors and characteristics among current hookah users. Tobacco Induced Diseases. 2009;5(1):16.
)