Authors
1 Department of Islamic Education, School of Social and Cultural Sciences, University of Imam Hussein, Tehran, Iran
2 - Department of Family Counseling, School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Introduction: Community development and its day-to-day expansion, make the need to specialists of mental health realm, especially counselors, more necessary. The current study aimed to qualitatively investigate counselors’ perception about the components of their skill competencies.
Method: In this present qualitative research, phenomenological approach was used. Among the counselor of Sepah Shamim Counseling Centers in Iran, counseling in 2016, 20 counselor were chosen to participate in the study using purposeful sampling method, and then interviewed. All the interviews were tape-recorded, then transcribed line by line, and finally analyzed through interpretive analysis method of Diekelmann et al.
Results: 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted. Analyzed data from interviews led to the identification of 842 primary code, 40 subthemes and 6 main themes (communication, interpersonal, technical, diagnostic, developmental, and therapy skills).
Conclusion: The result of this study can help counselors to develop their training programs, assess their level of competence and self-efficiency, and evaluate their level of competence in recruitment centers.
Keywords
1. Wang YH, Hu C, Hurst CS, Yang CC. Antecedents and outcomes of career plateaus: The roles of mentoring others and proactive personality. J Vocat Behav 2014; 85(3): 319-28.
2. Borgers SB, Tyndall LW. Setting expectations for groups. The Journal for Specialists in Group Work 1982; 7(2): 109-11.
3. Corey G. Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy. Trans. Sayed Mohammadi Y. Tehran, Iran: Arasbaran Publications; 2018. [In Persian].
4. Shafiabady A. Methods and techniques of counseling. Tehran, Iran: Ketab Fekre No Publications; 2015. [In Persian].
5. Comas-Diaz L. The future of psychotherapy with ethnic minorities. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training 1992; 29(1): 88-94.
6. Ramaswami A, Huang JC, Dreher GF. Mentoring across cultures: The role of gender and marital status in Taiwan and the U.S. J Bus Res 2014; 67(12): 2542-9.
7. Diba Vajari M, Shafia Abadi A, Esmaeeli M, Karami A. Comparison of the multicultural counseling competencies of Tehran’s counselors with different ethnicity in dimensions of knowledge, awareness and skill. Journal of Research in Psychological Health 2012; 6(3): 40-9. [In Persian].
http://jqr.kmu.ac.ir
مؤلفههای مهارتی شایستگی مشاوران
مرتضی کرمی و همکار
276
مجله تحقیقات کیفی در علوم سلامت/سال 7/شماره 3 / پاییز 1397
8. Welfel ER, Patterson LE. The counseling process: A multitheoretical integrative approach. Trans. Soleimanian AA, Nazari AM. Tehran, Iran: Elm Publications; 2013. [In Persian].
9. Faiz-Mahdavi M. Reflection on the concept of merit [Online]. [cited 2015 ]; Available from: URL: http://www.ettelaat.com/etiran/?p=153378
10. Kim SS, Im J, Hwang J. The effects of mentoring on role stress, job attitude, and turnover intention in the hotel industry. Int J Hosp Manag 2015; 48: 68-82.
11. Dworkin TM, Maurer V, Schipani CA. Career mentoring for women: New horizons/Expanded methods. Bus Horiz 2012; 55(4): 363-72.
12. Rahnavard F, Agahosainalishirazi M, Gaysari F. Recognizing factors preventing the establishment of meritocracy system at the level of management of government organizations in the city of Ahwaz. Journal of Productivity Management 2013; 7(25): 15-32. [In Persian].
13. Dehghan M. Study of prevalent social injuries among students of Allameh Tabataba'i University [MScThesis]. Tehran, Iran: Allameh Tabataba'i University; 2016. [In Persian].
14. Mitchell ME, Eby LT, Ragins BR. My mentor, myself: Antecedents and outcomes of perceived similarity in mentoring relationships. J Vocat Behav 2015; 89: 1-9.
15. Hebert P, Saginur R. Research ethics review: Do it once and do it well. CMAJ 2009; 180(6): 597-8.
16. Gentry WA, Weber TJ, Sadri G. Examining career-related mentoring and managerial performance across cultures: A multilevel analysis. J Vocat Behav 2008; 72(2): 241-53.
17. Naimi E, Shariaty S. Islamic principles and techniques of counseling in the Quran and hadith [PhD Thesis]. Tehran, Iran: Allameh Tabataba'i University; 2010. [In Persian].
18. Prochaska JO, Norcross J. Psychotherapy theory. Trans. Vadys Yancey H. Tehran, Iran: Roshd Publications; 2017. [In Persian].
19. Solansky ST. The evaluation of two key leadership development program components: Leadership skills assessment and leadership mentoring. Leadersh Q 2010; 21(4): 675-81.
20. Hu C, Pellegrini EK, Scandura TA. Measurement invariance in mentoring research: A cross-cultural examination across Taiwan and the U.S. J Vocat Behav 2011; 78(2): 274-82.
21. Mesarosova M, Mesaroa P. Learning to learn competency and its relationship to cognitive competencies of university students. Procedia Soc Behav Sci 2012; 46: 4273-8.
22. Weinberg FJ, Locander WB. Advancing workplace spiritual development: A dyadic mentoring approach. Leadersh Q 2014; 25(2): 391-408.
23. Gall MD, Borg WR, Gall JP. Educational research: An introduction. Tehran, Iran: Samt Publications; 2017. [In Persian].
24. Speziale HS, Carpenter DR. Qualitative research in nursing: Advancing the humanistic imperative. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007.
25. Diekelmann N, Allen D, Tanner CA. The NLN criteria for appraisal of baccalaureate programs: A critical hermeneutic analysis. Washington, DC: National League for Nursing; 1989.
26. Burns N, Grove SK, Sutherland S, Altmann TK. Understanding nursing research: Building an evidence-based practice. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier-Health Sciences Division; 2006.
27. Khodadai Sangdeh J, Nazari A M, Ahmadi K, Hasani J. Successful parents' experiences regarding factors affecting a healthy family: A qualitative research. J Qual Res Health Sci 2015; 4(2): 178-90.
28. Guba EG, Lincoln YS. Fourth generation evaluation. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE; 1989.
29. Rogers CR. The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change. J Consult Psychol 1957; 21(2): 95-103.
30. Joseph S, Murphy D. Person-centered approach, positive psychology, and relational helping. J Humanist Psychol 2012; 53(1): 26-51.
31. Carter AR, Hart A. Perspectives of mentoring: The Black female student-athlete. Sport Management Review 2010; 13(4): 382-94.
32. Kao KY, Rogers A, Spitzmueller C, Lin MT, Lin CH. Who should serve as my mentor? The effects of mentor's gender and supervisory status on resilience in mentoring relationships. J Vocat Behav 2014; 85(2): 191-203.
33. Bohart AC, Watson JC. Person-centered psychotherapy and related experiential approaches. In: Messer SB, Gurman AS, Editors. Essential Psychotherapies: Theory and Practice. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 2011. p. 223-60.
http://jqr.kmu.ac.ir
مؤلفههای مهارتی شایستگی مشاوران
مرتضی کرمی و همکار
مجله تحقیقات کیفی در علوم سلامت/سال 7/شماره 3 / پاییز 1397
277
34. Bowen M. Family therapy in clinical practice. New York, NY: J. Aronson; 1978.
35. Goldenberg I, Goldenberg H. Family and family therapy theories. Tran. Hossein Shahi Baravati HR, Naghshbandi S. Tehran, Iran: Ravan Publications; 2016. [In Persian].
36. Dumitriu C, Dumitriu G. Experimental research regarding the development of psychosocial competencies of the beginning teachers. Procedia Soc Behav Sci 2011; 29: 794-802.
37. Kammeyer-Mueller JD, Judge TA. A quantitative review of mentoring research: Test of a model. J Vocat Behav 2008; 72(3): 269-83.
38. Mokhtarimosibi M, Khavari M, Mohammadi K. Predict the level of differentiation and attachment styles based on personality traits. Proceedings of the International Conference on Humanities and Behavioral Studies; 2014 Dec. 17; Tehran, Iran. [In Persian].
39. Hosseini Birjandi M. Principles and methods of guidance and counseling. Tehran, Iran: Roshd Publications; 2017. [In Persian].
40. Naimi E. Principles and techniques of the Quran and traditions advice [PhD Thesis]. Tehran, Iran: Allameh Tabataba'i University; 2007. [In Persian].
41. Rosengren DE. Motivational interviewing skills. Trans. Tamanayifar S, Birshak B. Tehran, Iran: Arjomand Publications; 2013. [In Persian].
42. Conte C. Advanced techniques for counseling and psychotherapy. Trans. Nazari AM, Sami A. Tehran, Iran: Avayenoor Publications; 2012. [In Persian].
43. Arkowitz H, Westra HA. Introduction to the special series on motivational interviewing and psychotherapy. J Clin Psychol 2009; 65(11): 1149-55.
44. Parise MR, Forret ML. Formal mentoring programs: The relationship of program design and support to mentors perceptions of benefits and costs. J Vocat Behav 2008; 72(2): 225-40.
45. Eby LT, Allen TD. Moving toward interdisciplinary dialogue in mentoring scholarship: An introduction to the special issue. J Vocat Behav 2008; 72(2): 159-67.
46. Ghosh R, Reio TG. Career benefits associated with mentoring for mentors: A meta-analysis. J Vocat Behav 2013; 83(1): 106-16.
47. Geldard D. Basic concepts and issues in consultancy. Trans. Hossainian S. Tehran, Iran: Kamale Tarbiyat Publication; 2011. [In Persian].
1- Lecturer, Department of Islamic Education, School of Social and Cultural Sciences, University of Imam Hussein, Tehran, Iran
2- Department of Family Counseling, School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
Corresponding Author: Mousa Choupani, Email: mousachoupani@gmail.com
http://jqr.kmu.ac.ir
مؤلفههای مهارتی شایستگی مشاوران
مرتضی کرمی و همکار
278
مجله تحقیقات کیفی در علوم سلامت/سال 7/شماره 3 / پاییز 1397
Counselors' Perception of their Competency Skill Components: A Qualitative Study
Morteza Karami1, Mousa Choupani2
Abstract Introduction: Community development and its day-to-day expansion, make the need to specialists of mental health realm, especially counselors, more necessary. The current study aimed to qualitatively investigate counselors’ perception about the components of their skill competencies. Method: In this present qualitative research, phenomenological approach was used. Among the counselor of Sepah Shamim Counseling Centers in Iran, counseling in 2016, 20 counselor were chosen to participate in the study using purposeful sampling method, and then interviewed. All the interviews were tape-recorded, then transcribed line by line, and finally analyzed through interpretive analysis method of Diekelmann et al. Results: 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted. Analyzed data from interviews led to the identification of 842 primary code, 40 subthemes and 6 main themes (communication, interpersonal, technical, diagnostic, developmental, and therapy skills). Conclusion: The result of this study can help counselors to develop their training programs, assess their level of competence and self-efficiency, and evaluate their level of competence in recruitment centers. Keywords: Counseling, Counselors, Professional competence, Qualitative research
Citation: Karami M, Choupani M. Counselors' Perception of their Competency Skill Components: A Qualitative Study. J Qual Res Health Sci 2018; 7(3): 264-78.
Received date: 23.10.2016 Accept date: 15.04.2017 Published: 06.10.2018
Original1. Wang YH, Hu C, Hurst CS, Yang CC. Antecedents and outcomes of career plateaus: The roles of mentoring others and proactive personality. J Vocat Behav 2014; 85(3): 319-28.
2. Borgers SB, Tyndall LW. Setting expectations for groups. The Journal for Specialists in Group Work 1982; 7(2): 109-11.
3. Corey G. Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy. Trans. Sayed Mohammadi Y. Tehran, Iran: Arasbaran Publications; 2018. [In Persian].
4. Shafiabady A. Methods and techniques of counseling. Tehran, Iran: Ketab Fekre No Publications; 2015. [In Persian].
5. Comas-Diaz L. The future of psychotherapy with ethnic minorities. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training 1992; 29(1): 88-94.
6. Ramaswami A, Huang JC, Dreher GF. Mentoring across cultures: The role of gender and marital status in Taiwan and the U.S. J Bus Res 2014; 67(12): 2542-9.
7. Diba Vajari M, Shafia Abadi A, Esmaeeli M, Karami A. Comparison of the multicultural counseling competencies of Tehran’s counselors with different ethnicity in dimensions of knowledge, awareness and skill. Journal of Research in Psychological Health 2012; 6(3): 40-9. [In Persian].
http://jqr.kmu.ac.ir
مؤلفههای مهارتی شایستگی مشاوران
مرتضی کرمی و همکار
276
مجله تحقیقات کیفی در علوم سلامت/سال 7/شماره 3 / پاییز 1397
8. Welfel ER, Patterson LE. The counseling process: A multitheoretical integrative approach. Trans. Soleimanian AA, Nazari AM. Tehran, Iran: Elm Publications; 2013. [In Persian].
9. Faiz-Mahdavi M. Reflection on the concept of merit [Online]. [cited 2015 ]; Available from: URL: http://www.ettelaat.com/etiran/?p=153378
10. Kim SS, Im J, Hwang J. The effects of mentoring on role stress, job attitude, and turnover intention in the hotel industry. Int J Hosp Manag 2015; 48: 68-82.
11. Dworkin TM, Maurer V, Schipani CA. Career mentoring for women: New horizons/Expanded methods. Bus Horiz 2012; 55(4): 363-72.
12. Rahnavard F, Agahosainalishirazi M, Gaysari F. Recognizing factors preventing the establishment of meritocracy system at the level of management of government organizations in the city of Ahwaz. Journal of Productivity Management 2013; 7(25): 15-32. [In Persian].
13. Dehghan M. Study of prevalent social injuries among students of Allameh Tabataba'i University [MScThesis]. Tehran, Iran: Allameh Tabataba'i University; 2016. [In Persian].
14. Mitchell ME, Eby LT, Ragins BR. My mentor, myself: Antecedents and outcomes of perceived similarity in mentoring relationships. J Vocat Behav 2015; 89: 1-9.
15. Hebert P, Saginur R. Research ethics review: Do it once and do it well. CMAJ 2009; 180(6): 597-8.
16. Gentry WA, Weber TJ, Sadri G. Examining career-related mentoring and managerial performance across cultures: A multilevel analysis. J Vocat Behav 2008; 72(2): 241-53.
17. Naimi E, Shariaty S. Islamic principles and techniques of counseling in the Quran and hadith [PhD Thesis]. Tehran, Iran: Allameh Tabataba'i University; 2010. [In Persian].
18. Prochaska JO, Norcross J. Psychotherapy theory. Trans. Vadys Yancey H. Tehran, Iran: Roshd Publications; 2017. [In Persian].
19. Solansky ST. The evaluation of two key leadership development program components: Leadership skills assessment and leadership mentoring. Leadersh Q 2010; 21(4): 675-81.
20. Hu C, Pellegrini EK, Scandura TA. Measurement invariance in mentoring research: A cross-cultural examination across Taiwan and the U.S. J Vocat Behav 2011; 78(2): 274-82.
21. Mesarosova M, Mesaroa P. Learning to learn competency and its relationship to cognitive competencies of university students. Procedia Soc Behav Sci 2012; 46: 4273-8.
22. Weinberg FJ, Locander WB. Advancing workplace spiritual development: A dyadic mentoring approach. Leadersh Q 2014; 25(2): 391-408.
23. Gall MD, Borg WR, Gall JP. Educational research: An introduction. Tehran, Iran: Samt Publications; 2017. [In Persian].
24. Speziale HS, Carpenter DR. Qualitative research in nursing: Advancing the humanistic imperative. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007.
25. Diekelmann N, Allen D, Tanner CA. The NLN criteria for appraisal of baccalaureate programs: A critical hermeneutic analysis. Washington, DC: National League for Nursing; 1989.
26. Burns N, Grove SK, Sutherland S, Altmann TK. Understanding nursing research: Building an evidence-based practice. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier-Health Sciences Division; 2006.
27. Khodadai Sangdeh J, Nazari A M, Ahmadi K, Hasani J. Successful parents' experiences regarding factors affecting a healthy family: A qualitative research. J Qual Res Health Sci 2015; 4(2): 178-90.
28. Guba EG, Lincoln YS. Fourth generation evaluation. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE; 1989.
29. Rogers CR. The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change. J Consult Psychol 1957; 21(2): 95-103.
30. Joseph S, Murphy D. Person-centered approach, positive psychology, and relational helping. J Humanist Psychol 2012; 53(1): 26-51.
31. Carter AR, Hart A. Perspectives of mentoring: The Black female student-athlete. Sport Management Review 2010; 13(4): 382-94.
32. Kao KY, Rogers A, Spitzmueller C, Lin MT, Lin CH. Who should serve as my mentor? The effects of mentor's gender and supervisory status on resilience in mentoring relationships. J Vocat Behav 2014; 85(2): 191-203.
33. Bohart AC, Watson JC. Person-centered psychotherapy and related experiential approaches. In: Messer SB, Gurman AS, Editors. Essential Psychotherapies: Theory and Practice. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 2011. p. 223-60.
http://jqr.kmu.ac.ir
مؤلفههای مهارتی شایستگی مشاوران
مرتضی کرمی و همکار
مجله تحقیقات کیفی در علوم سلامت/سال 7/شماره 3 / پاییز 1397
277
34. Bowen M. Family therapy in clinical practice. New York, NY: J. Aronson; 1978.
35. Goldenberg I, Goldenberg H. Family and family therapy theories. Tran. Hossein Shahi Baravati HR, Naghshbandi S. Tehran, Iran: Ravan Publications; 2016. [In Persian].
36. Dumitriu C, Dumitriu G. Experimental research regarding the development of psychosocial competencies of the beginning teachers. Procedia Soc Behav Sci 2011; 29: 794-802.
37. Kammeyer-Mueller JD, Judge TA. A quantitative review of mentoring research: Test of a model. J Vocat Behav 2008; 72(3): 269-83.
38. Mokhtarimosibi M, Khavari M, Mohammadi K. Predict the level of differentiation and attachment styles based on personality traits. Proceedings of the International Conference on Humanities and Behavioral Studies; 2014 Dec. 17; Tehran, Iran. [In Persian].
39. Hosseini Birjandi M. Principles and methods of guidance and counseling. Tehran, Iran: Roshd Publications; 2017. [In Persian].
40. Naimi E. Principles and techniques of the Quran and traditions advice [PhD Thesis]. Tehran, Iran: Allameh Tabataba'i University; 2007. [In Persian].
41. Rosengren DE. Motivational interviewing skills. Trans. Tamanayifar S, Birshak B. Tehran, Iran: Arjomand Publications; 2013. [In Persian].
42. Conte C. Advanced techniques for counseling and psychotherapy. Trans. Nazari AM, Sami A. Tehran, Iran: Avayenoor Publications; 2012. [In Persian].
43. Arkowitz H, Westra HA. Introduction to the special series on motivational interviewing and psychotherapy. J Clin Psychol 2009; 65(11): 1149-55.
44. Parise MR, Forret ML. Formal mentoring programs: The relationship of program design and support to mentors perceptions of benefits and costs. J Vocat Behav 2008; 72(2): 225-40.
45. Eby LT, Allen TD. Moving toward interdisciplinary dialogue in mentoring scholarship: An introduction to the special issue. J Vocat Behav 2008; 72(2): 159-67.
46. Ghosh R, Reio TG. Career benefits associated with mentoring for mentors: A meta-analysis. J Vocat Behav 2013; 83(1): 106-16.
47. Geldard D. Basic concepts and issues in consultancy. Trans. Hossainian S. Tehran, Iran: Kamale Tarbiyat Publication; 2011. [In Persian].
1- Lecturer, Department of Islamic Education, School of Social and Cultural Sciences, University of Imam Hussein, Tehran, Iran
2- Department of Family Counseling, School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
Corresponding Author: Mousa Choupani, Email: mousachoupani@gmail.com
http://jqr.kmu.ac.ir
مؤلفههای مهارتی شایستگی مشاوران
مرتضی کرمی و همکار
278
مجله تحقیقات کیفی در علوم سلامت/سال 7/شماره 3 / پاییز 1397
Counselors' Perception of their Competency Skill Components: A Qualitative Study
Morteza Karami1, Mousa Choupani2
Abstract Introduction: Community development and its day-to-day expansion, make the need to specialists of mental health realm, especially counselors, more necessary. The current study aimed to qualitatively investigate counselors’ perception about the components of their skill competencies. Method: In this present qualitative research, phenomenological approach was used. Among the counselor of Sepah Shamim Counseling Centers in Iran, counseling in 2016, 20 counselor were chosen to participate in the study using purposeful sampling method, and then interviewed. All the interviews were tape-recorded, then transcribed line by line, and finally analyzed through interpretive analysis method of Diekelmann et al. Results: 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted. Analyzed data from interviews led to the identification of 842 primary code, 40 subthemes and 6 main themes (communication, interpersonal, technical, diagnostic, developmental, and therapy skills). Conclusion: The result of this study can help counselors to develop their training programs, assess their level of competence and self-efficiency, and evaluate their level of competence in recruitment centers. Keywords: Counseling, Counselors, Professional competence, Qualitative research
Citation: Karami M, Choupani M. Counselors' Perception of their Competency Skill Components: A Qualitative Study. J Qual Res Health Sci 2018; 7(3): 264-78.
Received date: 23.10.2016 Accept date: 15.04.2017 Published: 06.10.2018
Original
)