Document Type : Original Article
Authors
- Aliasghar kheirkhah Vakiabad 1
- Ehsan Movahed 2
- Fereshte Gheyabi 3
- Fatemeh Kave Farsani 3
- Fatemeh Rigabadi 4
1 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
2 Department of Public Health, School of Health, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
3 Health Deputy, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
4 Health center, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) management requires continuous monitoring and evaluation based on various methods and models. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis in preventing and controlling the COVID-19.
Methods: This study was conducted using directed qualitative content analysis. A total of 15 participants, including 9 patients with COVID-19, a physician, a pharmacist, the head of the department of infectious diseases, a hospital manager, a nurse, and the head of a health center were selected through purposive sampling from May to July 2020. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, each lasting 45 to 60 minutes and analyzed using Graneheim and Lundman’s qualitative content analysis method.
Results: The analysis of the data revealed four main categories including the strengths (use of various media, supporting ideals), weaknesses) low understanding of disease risk, lack of vaccines, lack of appropriate tele-education and tele-medicine programs, infrastructural constraints), opportunities (people’s participation, family support, compliance with regulations), and threats (sanctions and poor control, the conflict between doubt and certainty, hidden layers of the disease, corona and social stigma). The internal and external analysis was determined as the main theme.
Conclusion: The results suggest that it is necessary to make optimal use of the strengths and opportunities of the COVID-19 crisis and to develop participation and empathy among people in addition to complying with laws and making appropriate use of educational media. In this regard, the strengthening of tele-education infrastructure and transparency in presenting reports and methods for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 can be effective.
Keywords
- Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(5):1729. doi: 10.3390/ ijerph17051729.
- World Health Organization (WHO). Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19): Weekly Epidemiological Update, 31 August 2020. WHO; 2020. Available from: https://apps.who. int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/334169/nCoV-weekly-sitrep30Aug20-eng.pdf.
- Abedi G, Soltani Kontai SA, Marvi A, Mazidi S, Abedini E, Abbasi Chaleshtary A. SWOT analysis of health reform plan on healthcare sector from the stakeholder perspective. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2018;28(166):199-212. [Persian].
- Xiao H, Zhang Y, Kong D, Li S, Yang N. The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in January and February 2020 in China. Med Sci Monit. 2020;26:e923549. doi: 10.12659/msm.923549.
- Wang J, Wang Z. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis of China’s prevention and control strategy for the COVID-19 epidemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(7):2235. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17072235.
- Song Z, Hu Y, Zheng S, Yang L, Zhao R. Hospital pharmacists’ pharmaceutical care for hospitalized patients with COVID-19: recommendations and guidance from clinical experience. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2021;17(1):2027-31. doi: 10.1016/j. sapharm.2020.03.027.
- Liang Y, Chen M, Zheng X, Liu J. Screening for Chinese medical staff mental health by SDS and SAS during the outbreak of COVID-19. J Psychosom Res. 2020;133:110102. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110102.
- Holly C. Scholarly Inquiry and the DNP Capstone. Springer Publishing Company; 2013. Available from: https://connect. springerpub.com/content/book/978-0-8261-9388-9.
- Graneheim UH, Lundman B. Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Educ Today. 2004;24(2):105- 12. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2003.10.001.
- Dehghan Nayeri N, Dehghan M, Iranmanesh S. Being as an iceberg: hypertensive treatment adherence experiences in southeast of Iran. Glob Health Action. 2015;8:28814. doi: 10.3402/gha.v8.28814.
- Speziale HS, Streubert HJ, Carpenter DR. Qualitative Research in Nursing: Advancing the Humanistic Imperative. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2011.
- Zhou WK, Wang AL, Xia F, Xiao YN, Tang SY. Effects of media reporting on mitigating spread of COVID-19 in the early phase of the outbreak. Math Biosci Eng. 2020;17(3):2693-707. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2020147.
- Shamloo G, Mohammad Moradi A, Hosseini SB. Environmental factors affecting health-related quality of life: nurses’ narrative analysis. J Qual Res Health Sci. 2020;8(4):37-48. doi: 10.22062/jqr.2020.90989.
- Wolf MS, Serper M, Opsasnick L, O’Conor RM, Curtis L, Benavente JY, et al. Awareness, attitudes, and actions related to COVID-19 among adults with chronic conditions at the onset of the US outbreak: a cross-sectional survey. Ann Intern Med. 2020;173(2):100-9. doi: 10.7326/m20-1239.
- Lee M, You M. Psychological and behavioral responses in South Korea during the early stages of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(9):2977. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17092977.
- Olivera-La Rosa A, Chuquichambi EG, Ingram GPD. Keep your (social) distance: pathogen concerns and social perception in the time of COVID-19. Pers Individ Dif. 2020;166:110200. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110200.
- Dandachi D, Freytag J, Giordano TP, Dang BN. It is time to include telehealth in our measure of patient retention in HIV Care. AIDS Behav. 2020;24(9):2463-5. doi: 10.1007/s10461- 020-02880-8.
- Mehri S, Habibi Soola A, Mohammadi MA, Hamidkholg G, Dadkhah B. Exploring managers’ experiences of hospital disaster preparedness: a qualitative study. J Qual Res Health Sci. 2022;11(3):156-63. doi: 10.34172/jqr.2022.02.
- Kermanshahi S, Parvinian AM. Barriers to implementation of evidence-based care: viewpoints of nursing staff. Iran J Med Educ. 2012;12(2):84-92.
- Xu TL, Ao MY, Zhou X, Zhu WF, Nie HY, Fang JH, et al. China’s practice to prevent and control COVID-19 in the context of large population movement. Infect Dis Poverty. 2020;9(1):115. doi: 10.1186/s40249-020-00716-0.
- Liu L, Eisen HJ. Epidemiology of heart failure and scope of the problem. Cardiol Clin. 2014;32(1):1-8, vii. doi: 10.1016/j. ccl.2013.09.009.
- Mullainathan S, Shleifer A. The market for news. Am Econ Rev. 2005;95(4):1031-53. doi: 10.1257/0002828054825619.
- Foji S, Sanagoo A, Jouybari L. A young woman’s experience of living with hemophilia: a qualitative case study. J Qual Res Health Sci. 2021;10(4):271-6. doi: 10.22062/ jqr.2021.193458.0.
- Eng PM, Rimm EB, Fitzmaurice G, Kawachi I. Social ties and change in social ties in relation to subsequent total and cause-specific mortality and coronary heart disease incidence in men. Am J Epidemiol. 2002;155(8):700-9. doi: 10.1093/ aje/155.8.700.
- Zhang HF, Bo L, Lin Y, Li FX, Sun S, Lin HB, et al. Response of Chinese anesthesiologists to the COVID-19 outbreak. Anesthesiology. 2020;132(6):1333-8. doi: 10.1097/ aln.0000000000003300.
)